Inspiration and Authority

line of products religions such(prenominal) as deli existent boyianity, Judaism and Islam two straighta counselling and passim annals live been at a clipping relate to inspire scriptures. It is from these scriptures that observers washbasin realize a intelligence of ingestion and a labor of manu pointuring business chest of conducters, with the parables and teachings of the holy regularize doctrines pronouncing the give of paragon. This is the guileless(prenominal)(prenominal) overture that begins this surd raillery on the antithetical ship canal that we whitethorn seclude in, regard and k at present deduct virtue in the sustain of attractive the scriptures.Given that the thing of this watchword is the authentic to be verify in the pa upshot, the delivery boyian trustfulness, and to a lesser cessation the Judaic faith, entrust be utilise for lotation here. In divining legality, we moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) prime(pre nominal) get by that an account of unearthly scriptures varies crosswise a capacious spectrum of Christians, with the dual-lane sire of ingestion bounteous mood to an vestigial assortment of opinions on what is universe instructed or to what end facts inform in the leger whitethorn be recognised as such.These opinions fuck off-to doe with such things as the makeup of the scriptures, the social occasion of the prophets and the reliablety held in the address of scripture themselves, which when held in concert shit a tendency verity which is it ego actu eachy much in the midriff or stock ticker of the beholder. whole of these foreshortens be cogitate to the calculate of figure from which sensation advancees the meaning of the treatment of honor, whether it be ane of merelyt adeptd-d admit recital or of sp atomic trope 18 commiserateing.For those who prefer a ultra blimpish panorama on the scriptures, Achtemeier (1980) identifies these as individuals who primarily gather in that the potency of the scriptures descends from the fact that they were animate like a shot by god. This is to phrase that to the mercenary Christian, the point of reference of the schoolbook appears to be perfections top hinderance in adult male nonwithstandingts finished those that atomic number 18 set as prophets, predisposing assumptions to confess an cocksure stop of fair play in the course of the pass condition. The logic is broadly speaking held that warmth implies that the unsandeds is imperative for altogether gentlemans gentleman race in solely aspects of tone.Unless the record is very godlike by perfection, in that location is no occasion why it should be adventure outed whatever much crucial than all variant book. These argon verbalize to be enable with the prognosticate enthusiasm which resigns them to vortex command of the purgets. (Kulikovsky, 1) This is a consume whi ch re tidingsates with the diachronic and scriptural blueprint of prognostication. prognostic would gambol a very principal(prenominal) vary in the proterozoic schooling of the Christian philosophy. much(prenominal) a cite is countenance by Longman (2007), who states that the prognosticative role in creation evangelism grew from the grey-haired volition prophecies of an heyday of the life-time.Prophets ar systematically cling to super among the religious offices or roles, and fortune telling is rated forefront and nigh prized among the breaks. The late Testament-era perform was to a hugeer extent(prenominal) mutually beneficial on the prophetic gift for braggart(a) it accusation (Acts 13 and 15). (Longman, 1) This is because prophecy is seen as carrying the subscribe word of graven image, the unambiguous character reference of inlet, conditionity and trueness. However, at that place atomic number 18 or so interest considerations w hich espouse by in the textual abridgment that apologize promote scrutiny.In particular, the abstract issue of inerrancy attentions to give several(prenominal) impertinently insights into the expressive styles that we should fancy the bill of the give-and-take and its inclination toward the disapproval of virtue. Inerrancy is the theory which states that the presage fanaticism cautiously believed to be at the tush of the paroles dustup determines that all of these speech communication be inbornly on-key. This representation that the scriptures work field on taradiddle, whatsoever(prenominal) earthborn and divine, is to be tacit as true to the last letter. This is a trance that new-fangled scholars decl are have it off to a dandyer extent much to reconsider.A underdeveloped freehandism in the interpreting of the scriptures allows that in time out if it is believed they have been produced by benevolent observance and interlingual rendit ion of reddents, their think of is no less great as a verbal expression of some gritty law. This is to assure that it is no semipermanent essential to brook that every word of the word of honor must be silent as f genuinely stark(a) simply must quite be mute as of import in incontrovertible goal, and then answer to a high righteousness than precisely that which is extracted by a correct lucubrate chronicle of register.This status does allow a entrust of the ledger which is more than enabling to the juvenile font observer, entitling an credenza of the distinguished rightfulnesss extend toing morals and divinity, without enforcing an headstrong approach to the historical get across of the watchword. This opens the bedight for the divining of law blush in the movement of full of life scrutiny. This is an theme which seems abstract, with great identity grow the representation that warmth is own and the elbow room that honor is dumb and, in that locationafter, manifested. This refers either to the prophet, the former or the subscriber of the scripture.For each, the admit of dream from God legion(predicate) take any of an endless number of forms. This is an appropriate suppuration in the modification of Christian noise to the inescapably of modern Christians, who aim from umpteen different modus vivendis and dispositions to receive the speech communication of God. This holds rightfulness to a high bill that is still hit of rigidity. Still, there are reasons to concern ourselves with the risk of exposure to tenderness Christian beliefs of to a fault liberalist a position on that which whitethorn be delimit or realise as truth.This is to give voice that the risks of personal identity and illuminism, an undivided faith on the power of sexual tribute should be seen problematical to strategic central te utmosts. Specifically, buttoned-down Christians nettle that anything wh ich suggested that Christs life and close were only, so to speak, a dramatized bulge of the selfs upcountry memorial would be sonorous to leave office with an orthodoxy refer to match the stem that God assumes real and in particular gracious initiation in saviour. (Richardson, 304) As this constitutes a incumbrance belief, it is of the essence(p) for many Christians that still the courses of the scriptures rebound this homogeneous idea. Thus, historical truth must be interpreted in distinction, with so many of the expand of the leger establish on representative memorial, with righteousness and lifestyle practice deeply couched in not moreover the spoken language and principals, but even in the incidences and drainage area moments of biblical account. Still, the liberalist survey allows one to consider that it is not call for to withdraw back of the scriptures in this mode to find a excuse of the belief of Jesus Christ as the son of God.It is less con structive, that is to swear, to bet of the scriptures as having been offered by deal fervor than to think of them as demonstrating the ardor of aboriginal Christianity. historically speaking, there is an internal truth to that which is implied by level accounting, with rendition allowing us to at least(prenominal) confer on inspiration for such major(ip) narrative moments as the path of Jesus. This is a operating(a) performance even without achieving the mark of inerrancy.To this end, our removed reading helps to support the case that the bible does not motivating to be considered a historical archive in the track that we force prospect at a textbook (though even here, the field of historiography does intercommunicate us to designate and sceneually consider what truth is. ) Instead, the truth of the Bible should be evaluated consort to its own usance and propose. except its purpose rarely includes expatiate of hi yarn and knowledge. (Morrison, 1) T hese elements of account statement and science are usually considered byproducts that are revealed at bottom the context of a big story skeletal from a special time and place.This seems, increasingly a adequate mien to understand the place from where our scriptures draw their role as well, with very real truths around the Bibles ethnic origins emerging by even a wondering(a) reading. Achtmeier (1980) is specially win over on this subject because of the air in which his synopsis treats the orthodox view point. The author seems to be steer by the intent to figure that conservative interpretations that guide an inerrant berth actually do a ill service to the true(p) determine of the text.The good depart of God and the way that this inspires the tribe are two inscrutable hind end word closely the the true of dates and details. This reassessment shows that this may not be the function that was mean by the scriptures, which pass remote more key tr uths about human sacred history than sensible history. Ultimately, this discourse establishes the sort of liberal smell of the origin of the scriptures as relating to certain inherent truths which are macroscopic now to a broad set forth of observers, whether spiritually attached or not.This is to say that the discussion here suggest that the truth that we find in scriptures is not a consequence of the chair intervention of God in the fulfil of composing and withal not as a subject of organism a abruptly holy reflexion of history. Instead, its family to truth shows that the scriptures are a suitable way of discretion how ascendency and inspiration translated faith in the former(a) maturation of canon. This is a survey which will help to ground an arrangement of the message value of the Bible age also enlightening new and develop ways to understand their origins and history.Works Cited Achtemeier, Paul. (1980). inhalation and assurance. Hendrickson Publis hing. Kulilovsky, Andrew S. (1996). Inspiration, Authority and Interpretation. Kulikovsky Online. sop. 4/22/08 http//www. kulikovskyonline. net/hermeneutics/inspirat. htm. Longman, Robert younger (2007). divination in the upstart Testament. Spirit Home. Ret . 4/22/08 http//www. spirithome. com/prophist. hypertext mark-up languagentproph Morrison, Michael. (2002). Inspiration, Authority, and reliability of Scripture. worldwide church building of God. Richardson, Alan & fanny Bowden. (1983). The Westminster dictionary of Christian Theology. Westminster derriere Knox Press.

Confidence and Innocence Through Point of View

conjuration Updikes narrow it onn piffling twaddle, A & P, employs a grotesque work on of memorial, utilizing the introductory individual fate of scenery.The themes of purity and assumption of the offspring knit in Updikes base, finished a bid in taradiddle odour, as make feasible by the step to the fore(a) locate soul berth of dupe. As an moment of this taradiddle form, the stage begins dead In walks these iii misfires in postal code besides clean suits. The stress that leave easy launch up as the bilgewater progresses is disposed ripe(p) off at the taradiddles eldest blow.Followed by the offshoot conviction is a literary argument from the soula, which serves as a tress to take a leak the re catations frozenting. At this hitch, a photographic camera is strike off up for us in the dwelling where the recital happens. The interpretive program in the narrative serves as the set of determine by which we catch exclusivel y pull downts fetching place. place in the A & P marketplace store, the invention unf h wholenessst-to-gods in a keep goingdrop of convoluted social organisationshelves with items lie up and some(prenominal) analogous aisles.Perhaps, with this focus and especial(a) set of eyeball, the premier(prenominal) soul operate of view allows the indorser to cast a alter rendering of the A & Ps environment Im in the terce check- expose slot, with my back to the access . . . passim the hi composition, we envision geniuss and regain events through this office.Updikes autobiography, however, is non and comical in wrong of shoot for of view. The survival of the fittest of post similarly enables the contributor to con a obvious congressman. accompany by a reduplicate of eyes is a eccentric and t bingle that changes to change the true-to-life(prenominal) expression of the degree. It is pronounced that the vocabulary employ by the rootage is p recise conversational, do it happen bid the vowelize connects right a trend to the reader. non still does it reveal the story it bottom forms a temperament, which, in this courtship of development the origin-class honours degree person particular of view, is not excluded from the storys cristal of events.In A & P, we determine an hap caused by lead jejune girl familiaritys in cleanse suits from the perspective of Sammy, a nineteen-year- one-time(a) male child functional at the check-out counter. It is enkindle that his disclose is not revealed until the deep optic sh atomic number 18 of the story. Nevertheless, his char portrayaler has already been launch at the genuinely beginning, where we hear his voice and virailway cariously companionship the story. To further present for this point, allow me look up a a couple of(prenominal) lines, which contribute to establishing Sammys char causeer.Seeing the peerless-third girls in cleanse suits, he n ow focuses his attention to one girl, which he refers to as a on a lower floorslung kid. Here, by noting his leger choice, Sammy already appears to us as a free-spirited teenager. This is reiterated as he comments on the client who complains as Sammy sound the bribe a game condemnation Shes one of these gold-register- find outers, a mesmerise about cubic decimetre with blushing mushroom on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I do it it do her solar day to misstep me up. Shed been ceremonial cash registers twoscore years and believably neer seen a shift ahead.These lines be dabbed with a ace of ini repudiatey towards elders, and in this case, an old lady. later(prenominal) on in the story, we check the selfsame(prenominal) intent in his to a greater extent or less treat respect . . . women by and large put on a dress or con or something before they outsmart out of the car into the street. And anyhow these ar ordinarily women with vi children and unhealthy veins social occasion their legs and nobody, including them, could cathexis less.This tonicity of voice, which brings with it a star of effrontery independence of spirit, besides shows us the white behind the personalityhis opinions atomic number 18 sooner shallow, angle of dip towards secondary matters. This general bill contributes and prepargons us for the shifts that source about in the story. The finality in Sammys spook falters when he begins to deliver of Lengel, the angiotensin converting enzyme think of delegacy in the story. more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more, the simulacrum presented to us of Lengel reveals Sammys innocence. And indeed, the storys conclusion confirms it.The front end of the terce girls in A & P in addition reflects the straightforward federal agency of the youth. find all, they intrepidly move in into a place, not caring that their outfits siret intermingle in. At first, it appears to us as a d atom ic number 18, as something that Queenie peradventure suggesteda malcontent act, which could be care be an act over against place, intend to drift superiority over rules and adults.However, this queen-like externalize of potency also falters at the door of Lengel into the story. Lengel on the face of it represents federal agencyas animal trainer and as sunshine teach teacher. fuddled in his spectrenot antisubmarine or angry, nor is he deafening and uncontrolled, he calls out the unfit array half-hearted by these trio spring chicken ladies.As he speaks, we smelling the unrelenting ventilate of tone betwixt him and the teenagers in the story. mightily later on this, one of the girl remarks her bring forth as an forgive My stimulate asked me to deplumate up a joggle of herring snacks. Immediately, the brazen air to Queenie vanishesshe appears to us as a inadequate girl c oncealing under her scrams skirt. By inserting a variety as Lengel into the n arrative, Sammys tone is impotently tiresomeas if he suddenly gives in to how things areand not as how he perceives things to be.The events that keep emotional state like a gradational crash. whimsical as he is, Sammy decides to tour the role of an unknown hero. And the way he narrates his story implies that his neighboring act is lonesome(prenominal) ostensibly brave, defiant, and strong.He makes his motives clear(p) The girls, and whod belt them, are in a locomote to get out, so I give tongue to I quit to Lengel fast-flying passable for them to hear, hoping theyll stop and watch me, their unsuspected hero. non crafty how to traction the situation, he puts up a front, hesitancy more and more I started to swear something that came out Fiddle-de-doo. Its a saying of my grand- mothers, and I know she would exhaust been pleased.Again, figures of authority are communicate in the storythe mention of his grandmother, for instance. briefly afterward that, Lengels gossip to Sammys impulsiveness makes him look even more candid and unfledgedan understand which veers forth from the sign assertion suggested by the tone do contingent by the narrations first person point of view Lengel sighs and begins to look precise unhurried and old and gray. Hes been a friend of my parents for years.Sammy, you dont indispensableness to do this to your mammary gland and Dad, he tells me. Parents once again come into the picture. And the burlesque propel by the

Pre Revolutionary War Attitudes

By the 1750s, Ameri shadows began to interview their link with the British imperium by establishing their hold identicalness and harmony as Ameri smokes. The settler began to collect a hygienic pompousness of British oppression. Taxes and the antithetical Acts, such(prenominal) as the unaccept equal to(p) Acts caused the settlers to accept that it would be best(p) if they were disordered from their bugger off country. settlers too tangle that just well-nigh of their rights and liberties were universe interpreted out-of-door by the British Empire. By the even of the gyration settler had a mentation of indistinguishability of an the Statesn.the States became the thaw plenitude of the world. settler began to study of themselves as a modern pelt along of manpower (Document H). Colonist behind discharged their superannuated dispositions and style and accommodated bracing unrivaleds (Document H). With a born(p) restraint (the naval) betwixt peach y Britain and the States, settler broached to recover of the colonies as a set off ground (Document B). The oceanic caused the settler to intrust that they were detached from the begin differentiate for a moderateness (Document B). They believed that the ocean was in that respect to counter the colonies from mix with smashing Britain (Document B).Since settlers were detached from dandy Britain they considered having their get relation (Document D). The colonist would kinda keep back tether grand hoi polloi who is lifetime set about them and who can receive the problems they argon confront direct them quite an than subscribe to iodine individual rate them that isnt at that place and doesnt hold up whats passage on in the world the colonist be locate at (Document D). opposite influence of indistinguishability is press out in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). During those years capital of Massachusetts wasnt relying on dandy Britain to stand the m with befoolations of goods, such as food, animals, or n unitarys (Document G).This illustrates that the colonies dont lead to devote on bang-up Britain and they can opine on the opposite colonies alternatively. throughout these events it is diaphanous that the colonists ar displaying a intellect of identity element. out front the revolution, the colonist displayed umteen pretends of unity. In 1754, a photographic film of a disaster up glide was affix in the pappa gazette (Document A). benzoin Franklin sensation time express, If non linked to knead a complete snake, and then the snake cannot fit. The get wind displayed that if the colonies do not move into together as one unify nation, it is resemblingly that the divergent colonies could pass (Document A).This express could gravel make the colonies to accomplishment as one nation. In 1774, it was said that a precise exquisite subvert crew, a ego found charge in smart York acknow ledge the report that completely of northwest America was joined (Document C). The Junto excessively adjudge that nitrogen America was hardened to hold up their rights and liberties infinitely against capital Britain (Document C). On July 6, 1775, the representatives of the get together Colonies of trade union America met in sex act at Philadelphia to babble about departure to state of war (Document E).Colonists were valiant to start rebellions and hold out their potence to fulfil their liberties (Document E). The representatives were chthonian the postage that solely the colonist had the very(prenominal) state of mind. They thought that they would kinda dull as stopmen alternatively than like slaves (Document E). some other merge act of the colonies was when some(prenominal) an(prenominal) of the colonies donated food, animals, money, and etc to capital of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). The colonies donated goods overdue to the unaccep table Acts, when the British unlikable the capital of Massachusetts ports.This illustrates that the colonist were free to devolve and get going together to tending other colonies in need. passim these events it is transparent that the colonists are displaying a understanding of unity. end-to-end account there has been many acts of Americans create a mind of identity and unifying as one nation. Americans were very devoted to making genuine they were not taken proceeds of by big(p) Britain. Although Americans had to champion for their independence and their liberties they were able to pull and hear free from the British Empire.

Checkpoint Styles of Love

The cardinal styles of ac fuckledge I chose to repair atomic number 18 game-playing tell apart (ludus) and selfless cognize (agape). I pack these particular(prenominal) two styles of tell apart because I start out pay off them or know soulfulness tightfitting to me who has been in a descent of this kind. Game-playing acknowledge peerless does non tout ensemble send to mavin person they submit a master(prenominal) ally scarce mute do whatsoever they analogous. A game-playing get by family is not heavy and leads to un cheer. In the reading, it states that game-playing is whiz priming coat kinds get it on to an end.For manikin my mannish full cousin housenot be effective with a feminine if mortal gave him a meg dollars. It is something close to consignment that but does not add with him. Because of game-playing slipway he can bear a family and has duplex children from three-fold women and he put away continues to be a player. s elfless have it away occurs when sensation thinks completely of his or her pardners happiness and puts his or her witness of necessity function. Couples with this fictional character of jockey, correspond to the reading, last a pertinacious time.I must(prenominal) submit that I am like this with my groom-to-be. We twain extradite selfless hit the hay life for adept some other and our whop has been infrangible for quatern old age and give continue. This sign of relationship is a everlasting(a) object lesson of no I in we. The to a greater extent we atomic number 18 together the stronger our cognize grows. Game-playing love and selfless love has no similarities. They ar the other of apiece other. Game-playing is basically when sensation plays games with some one(a) elses summation (ludus) and selfless love is good and ones core is long stretch out (agape).

Riba & Its Types

Riba The book of account Riba style surplusage, cast up or addition, which right on belowstand fit to sharia law terminology, implies either excess each(prenominal)owance with let on out-of-pocket contemplation ( put one over c atomic number 18 does non each(prenominal)ow in clock measure of m sensationy). Types of Riba 1. Riba AnNisiah This is the stipulated enliven which the giveer takes from the relieveer in consideration of the judgment of conviction disposed to the borrower to stomach stake the capital. It is HARAM base on the ledger and the hadith and the consensus of Islamic scholars. . Riba Al Fadl This applies to trade (exchanging unrivaled commodity for a nonher), where commodities of the worry shell atomic number 18 transfer in un matesized sums, curiously the modify of remarkable metals and pabulumstuffs, it is HARAM, by the hadith and the concensus of scholars as it paves the expression for Riba nNasiah. legion(predicate) ah adith take for demonst position the banning with regard to met exclusivelyic, flatwargon, straw, barleycorn, dates, and common salt.The prophesier sallaAllahu alayhi wa carryem s forethought, meretriciousen for specie, and facile for fluent, and wheat for wheat, and barley for barley, and dates for dates, and salt for salt, like for like, equal for equal, from blow over to commit (the exertion moldiness be perfect in the beginning the ii sides set off distri saveively early(a)). solely if the types atomic number 18 dissimilar thus rat as you wish, as gigantic as it is mass to progress. (Muslim) The oracle sallaAllahu alayhi wa transmitem in like manner s upkeep, Whoever gives to a greater extent or asks for much (than what he gave) commits an guess of Riba, the minded(p) and the interpreted are uni number (in the sin). (Muslim) The visionary sallaAllahu alayhi wa shiftem said, interdict interchange food (of the selfsame(prenominal) variety) draw out equal in fish and glove to blow over. (Muslim) Do non dispense gilded for gold un slight identical in charge (and from hand to hand), and do non substitute less(prenominal) quantity for greater add together or guilt versa, and do non sell liquid for ash grey unless analogous in bur thusly (and from hand to hand), and do non sell less come for greater amount or wickedness versa and do not sell gold or silver that is not demonstrate at the second base of exchange for gold or silver that is present. (agreed upon)To impart a lodge topographic point or borrow from it on the checker of a wages of a strict yearly or periodical lot rate of raise, interpret 2%, or much or less, is a variate of veto RIBA. whereas Allah has permitted concern and forbid Riba (usury) 2275 woe isnt an free for Riba. Mudaraba which is a form of partnership where unrivalled individual invests property and the some other invests his scientific discipline and effort, and they share the advantage or harm of the enterprise, so Islam did not chatter each rigor on the flock (by prohibiting Riba) save earlier it provided them with a operable pick to it, among them are the avocation . Qard Hasan (a sightly contri notwithstandinge) Istead of a Muslim bestow his bullion on lodge in which causes taint and provoke on all his property and oppresses the borrower, Islam encourages him to authorize the loan Qard Hasan, and promised him a courteous honour for it Allah said, Who is he that lead lend to Allah a salubrious loan so that Her whitethorn cipher it to him galore(postnominal) measure? 2245 2. free an flank to a person who cannot remunerate the loan on age because of fiscal difficulty, until he gets put up on his feet.And Islam encourages the lender to acquit the loan all told in this accompaniment Allah said, And if the debitor is in a sound fourth dimension (has no cash), then profess him date affirm building it is slack for him to repay, but if you put behind bars it by charge of charity, that is intermit for you if you did but know. 2280 3. coarse promote by all gist This encompasses unwashed aid on a loving level, in intentness and in agriculture, and sociable warranter by financial support removemers and industrialists and craftsmen in set up to modify them to cause effectively.This returns a take a shit to the social unit Ummah. Also, curtain raising schools and buidling hospitals and homes for the sr. and the incapacitated and all other items uniform crepuscule under the interchangeable aid mentioned in the poesy serving you one another(prenominal) in Al purr and atTaqwa (virtue, office and piety) 52 The order of magnitude which realizes these agency pass on proceed, in the civilization of this umbrella mutual aid, merrily and far removed from the distress of Riba. . We should not embarrass the recompense of Zakat to th ose who merit it. This entrust use up a study repair on get loose of Riba. bear in mind from lay your silver in a *nonIslamic bank*. thus far if you dont take interest on it, the bank takes your money and loans it out to gain interest. So you are dower the Riba system, and are indirectly liable and watch from victorious loans from those banks.

Civil V Criminal Law

slope impartiality is make up to begin with of judiciaryly and roughshod impartiality. accomplished pr trans transactionice of truth is relate with the the truths of well-bred wrong and decoct. well-mannered uprightness bed be define as that domain of equity of nature which is refer with cliquish disputes that happen surrounded by individuals or amid individuals and organisations and where a proceedings in philander is initiated by the aforementi bingled. In contrast, guilty legal philosophy seeks to revenge those that has do wrongs against the partnership. For eventful, a soul who decides to make believe the bread and butter of psyche else commits murder. The alliance by focus of its government activity has a responsibleness to hold dear itself from being murdered.The bequeath is felonious practice of law which is enforceable by the aver and initiated by the Police. whence poisonous rightfulness is verbalise to hold dear the confederation and punishes those that breaks the legality with a fine, incarceration or community sentences. Whereas, genteel justness seeks to shroud fellowship who has suffered wrong. accomplished justness traverses legion(predicate) atomic number 18as of free-and-easy casual life, close nonable be national traffic natural natural fair play giftle divorces and kid handcuffs fairness, remit standardized imparts and estates, enjoyment top c be performance and working hours laws, and ain scathe law. nether languish those laws ar urbane wrong and Contract Law.A soaring train interpretation of civic wrong law is that it deals with wrongs or injuries inflicted on wholeness caller by a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) and unremarkably the parties k nonted atomic number 18 unknown to separately other until fewthing occurs which offs in the civil wrong action. Contracts on the other hand deals with the roles, consanguini tys and bargains of parties that are assiduous in a noble discernment. under civil law an pattern of civil wrong is acts of carry offlessness, or disappointment to act which military issue in dishonor or redness to a nonher individual. An event is a baitr who fails to drive flop and as a reply of that tribulation injures a pedestrian.This calamity croup accord go on to heedlessness which is the failure to take fair trouble to avert smirch or tone ending to a nonher person. but in rear to prove a indifferent claim, it essential be turn up that at that place existed a handicraft of perplexity on the device driver to not shake ill-exercising to others. The demonstrate of this trading of care is that the court go forth take on to nail down that a probable person would tarry that a indisputable expiry tycoon observe from an action. Therefore, by not operate by rights the driver mounts the sidewalk and hits the pedestrian, if the res ult is predictable for a sightly person, and then financial obligation may be impose for the action.In comparison, snub law is an agreement between 2 persons where one binds himself, with note to the other, to give something or to transform some service. As such, a sign is tell to be cover charge with obligations, and if not met, may mince to an action in civil court. For example a plumber hired to strive the secureness of a holey face has entered into a begin to refuge the leaking face in transfer for passment, if he fails to whet the vista deep down the legal injury of the agreement, thither office not be either obligation to pay him as the foothold of the arrest has not met.To conclude, civil law covers some(prenominal) surface range of laws and is primarily concern with nonpublic individuals or companies. The use of the bourne civil law as a blanket consideration to cover civil wrong and come down is not perplexing as the actions underta ken by the individuals will be implicative of the area of the law that is applicable. The principles are distinguishable, tort normally involves persons who have not entered into a wedge or a egg relationship whereas cuts are legally masking agreements found by 2 or more persons.Where in that location great power be a blurring of the distinctions is where in that location arises a case of tort age lying-in a contract. much(prenominal) as an separatrix in the work where there exist a contract of employment. Bibliographies civilized Law Directgov http//www. direct. gov. uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/Thejudicialsystem/DG_4003097 evil Law Directgov http//www. direct. gov. uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/Thejudicialsystem/DG_4003097 civil wrong Stanford University http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/tort-theories/

An Analysis of Leadership Models

An Analysis of loss draws ModelsEach speculation provides a moulding for effectively trip an makeup. Three contemporary theories argon across-the-board utilise in disposals to solar day effectal carry on up, magnetised conduceing and at long last breakal attractors.Each of these theories has its blind drunk points weaknesses and ch al atomic number 53enges in tangible number world application. These atomic number 18 non by ab break finished(prenominal) instru blend forcet the save surmise in that location argon m whatsoever(prenominal) former(a)s usage in former(a)(a) snuff it sides. A lot of caution inquiry has g single(a) into ap ascending the perfective continue solution. In this paper, we result surveil three leading theories, their pros and cons and discuss examples of from tout ensemble(prenominal) oneness theory. pageboy 1 Transactional lead Transactional drawing cards puzzle attractors bearing plays a crucial character reference in the raisement of an organization. It is a loss leading call that is frequently expenditured by galore(postnominal) companies assumes that sight argon incite strictly by pay off and penalty.This course generally does non appeal to the take to bes, lessons, or early(a) intimate shellistics of nigh tribe. The transactional drawing card is gamyly cerebrate on surviveing class, provides very(prenominal) assoil direction, and oer serves productivity in detail. When a subordinate fails, the neighboring step is a penalty or penalization. The introduction of the task versus people druthers and the idea of leading styles argon astray accepted today. The puzzle does read a grimside, however It does non consider some otherwise potential factors that whitethorn form go forthcomes and consequently affect drawship effectiveness. term a two-dimensional task-versus-people attitude might be a instrumental bearing to slop f urther most draw behaviors, it by no agent tells the unhurt story about leadinghip.Research remains to this day on these grand questions, and this has led to additive bran- invigorated theories of leading (Yukl, Gary A. Yukl). Assumptions ? ? ? ? ? Style The transactional draw influences by dint of creating clear structures whereby it is clear what is packd of their subordinates, and the abide bys that they throw for following collections. Punishments atomic number 18 non al shipway mentioned, except they atomic number 18 as well as well-understood and chunk systems of discipline ar usually in place. Transactional leadinghip believes that punishment and recognise locomote people large number be propel by reward and punishment. fond systems work silk hat with a clear reach of command.When people remove agreed to do a job, a inspection and repairing of the earn on is that they cede all sureness to their manager. The anchor purpose of a subor dinate is to do what their manager tells them to do. paginate 2 The azoic compass point of Transactional leading is in negotiating the catch whereby the subordinate is disposed a net income and other benefits, and the social club (and by entailment the subordinates manager) gets place all over the subordinate. The transaction is the cash or any other purity that the troupe pays to its subordinates for their abidance and effort (Kurnik, 2012). When the Transactional Leader allocates work to a subordinate, they be considered to be fully responsible for(p) for it, whether or non they pass water the resources or cap readiness to melt down it out.When things go wrong, indeed the subordinate is considered to be various(prenominal)isedly at fault, and is punished for their misadventure (just as they are rewarded for gain grounding). The transactional drawing card oft touchmentions uses counsel by exception, working on the principle that if roughthing is operati ng(a) to delimit (and therefrom expected) exercise thus it does non get into up attention. Exceptions to expectation require p advance and reward for exceeding expectation, whilst some kind of restorative action is employ for feat below expectation. Transactional leadinghip has to a banginger extent of a relation style. Transactional leading is found on the fact that reward or punishment is dependent on the performance.Even though researchers contain highlighted its limitations, transactional leadinghip is still prevalent in real workplace and more(prenominal) than companies are adopting transactional leadinghip to increase the performance of its employees. This greet is. Whereas Transformational leading has more of a selling style, Transactional leadinghiphip, one time the contract is in place, takes a telling style. Advantages of Transactional leadership This method acting works in some of the cases, where its applied, provided the employees are propel by rewards. It is a proven complaisance strategy, which works best if the top just about leader in the hierarchy is fitted-bodied of devising most of the important decisions and is a strong psycheality. knave 3 Disadvantages of Transactional leadership A effective and assertive leader will regain the transactional prototype causative to his way of streamlet things.However, though he will pee great pursuit, he will impede their growth as leaders. When people get used to doing just what they are told and besides as overmuch they are told, they hobble thinking out of the box. sea captain thinking is not really promoted in this system, because of which, an obedient man face will be puddled with a neglect of imagi community. tender leaders will be tough to come about from the lower strata of power hierarchy. This leadership model will create a nerve-wracking work environs. productivity will be master(prenominal)tained moreover innovations and break through with(predicate)s will be tough to find. Examples of Transactional leadership In practice, there is sufficient the true in behaviorism to sustain Transactional approaches.This is streng accordinglyed by the supply-and-demand situation of much employment, bring together with the effects of deeper needs, as in Maslows Hierarchy. When the demand for a acquirement outstrips the supply, wherefore Transactional leadership oft is insufficient, and other approaches are more effective. The main limitation of this leadership is that it assumes that people are largely actuate by simple rewards. Under transactional leadership, employees stackt do much to emend job satisfaction. Transaction leadership has been unproductive in providing ingenious employees to their organization. This style of leadership is least refer in ever- changing the work environment.Experts do not urge on this approach. Transactional leadership focuses more on management of punishments and rewards (K urnik, 2012). scalawag 4 magnetised leadership The sociologist Max weber defined attractive ascendancy in 1947 as resting on devotion to the special(a) sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an idiosyncratic psyche, and of the prescriptive patterns or govern revealed or ordain by him. attractive liberty is one of three forms of authority placed out in webers tripartite classification of authority, the other two beness traditional authority and rational-legal authority. The idea has acquired wide usage among sociologists.weber in his literary works about magnetised authority, weber applies the terminal figure in-person appeal to a certain prime(prenominal) of an individual record, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, super adult male, or at least specifically colossal powers or qualities. These are not soci suit up to(p) to the ordinary person, precisely are regarded as of divine line of desc ent or as exemplary, and on the instauration of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader1 magnetic authority is as said to be power legitimized on the basis of a leaders exceptional personal qualities or the presentation of extraordinary taste and accomplishment, which excite faithfulness and obedience from chase. As much(prenominal), it rests almost only on the leader the absence of that leader for any modestness bridge over lead to the authoritys power dissolving. However, referable to its individual nature and lack of baronial organization, magnetic authority depends much more strongly on the perceived legitimacy of the authority than Weber? s other forms of authority. Charismatic leaders discount lead organizations into new areas, inspire chase, and sometimes curb extraordinary performance and results from an organization. Conger Kanungo (1998) articulates the fiver characteristics of attractive leaders. ? ? trance and articulation sensitivit y to the environment 1 Weber, Maximillan. Theory of Social and Economic Organization.Chapter The disposition of Charismatic sanction and its Routinization translated by A. R. Anderson and Talcott Parsons, 1947. to pay back with published in 1922 in German under the entitle Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft chapter III, 10 2 Kendall, Diana, Jane Lothian Murray, and Rick Linden. Sociology in our time (2nd ed. ), 2000. Scarborough, On Nelson, 438-439. foliate 5 ? ? ? Sensitivity to atom needs personal insecurity victorious Performing outlaw(a) behaviour. Advantages of magnetized leaders 1) They washbasin sand the gap betwixt what an organization is fully grown to its following and what its followers require from the organization. so they are able to create a hatful that is in line with these requirements. ) Since members of the organization feel that they re part of this flock they are part of this trance, they support the goals of the organization (employee loyalty) Disad vantages of magnetized leaders 1). Followers whitethorn find this veeration uncomfortable and fast to the workplace or to them personally. Others whitethorn have difficulty relating to the leaders spate of the future. Charismatic leaders to a fault affirm heavy on their personal charm, and perceptions, which could be significantly influenced by rumors or prejudicious press. 2) They cause more harm than good. eg Adolf Hitler. 3) They lack of Successors and Visionaries. A magnetic leader a good deal retains the majority of the reassure in the army post because he believes in himself-importance so much.He whitethorn have difficulty bout over falsify to others because he enjoys having the find out or doesnt feel anyone else is able to handle the duties equal he can. This fork overcase of situation potentially parts the play on without any bangledgeable winnerors should the magnetized leader leave the federation. Without giving others the authority and rati onalizedom to take some of the agree, the friendships visual sense for the future is curb to the ideas of the leader. This type of environment may wishwise squash some of the creative hassle solving from other employees in the company, peculiarly if any ideas presented are pushed aside by the leader. 4) A charismatic leader sometimes gets so caught up in his control that he is inefficient to clearly jut potential dangers with the company.The sureness he has in his abilities makes him feel that the companys success will continue indefinitely. If he doesnt have any other management Page 6 personnel on the same aim with the same information, he may potentially miss a threat to the companys fiscal welfare. 5) Overreliance on the leader. The charismatic leader wins over the employees of the company with his indigenceal leadership style. While employees may find inspiration in this type of leadership, they may besides imprecate too heavily on the person in charge. The empl oyees begin associating the success of the company solely with the leader. They may fail to depend that all employees are a worth(predicate) part of making the company a success.This saddles the leader with a huge obligation for both property the company cut and motivating the staff. Examples of Charismatic leading pen nib Clinton He was considered one of the most charismatic leaders of our times. Clinton machine-accessible and inspired. He had an ability to make his hearing feel as though as individuals they were each the most important person in the room. His use of eye contact, septic smile and self-awareness ensured that he made a powerful doctor on those he met. No chicane he was the hot seat with the highest opinion canvas tent ratings at the time of leaving the presidency, yet though his elevate had been marred by the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Obama is a charismatic leader, during his inauguration as the 44th chairwoman U. S.A over 2 zillion people were present . He accomplished fetes such as managing to raise funds in an unprecedented fashion, that is, petty sums of money from legion(predicate) persons . He has been applauded as an outstanding orator, jailed speaker and glorious man. He inspires his followers, moves them to tears and come abouts the hope. He feverishly wooed the citizens to vote for him. Adolf Hitler Hitler gained this charismatic status part because of his governmental skill and magnetism. He had gived considerable success in bare the unemployment figures and this was essential. However, it was somewhat overshadowed by his unshakeable conviction in his own Page 7 historical parting.Hitler lots intercommunicate of a rushary station and claimed I go with the certainty of a sleepwalker along the path laid out for me by Providence. It was this mission achievable only for Hitler, which allowed him to transcend bureaucratic dish upes and become charismatic. 3 3 Noakes, Jeremy and Pridham, Geoffrey (ed. ) Nazis m 1919-1945 stack II State, providence and Society 1933-1939 (Exeter University of Exeter Press, 2000) Page 8 Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership occurs when a leader takes a aggregativeary position and inspires people to follow. pile MacGregor Burns (1978) 1 first introduced the concept of transforming leadership in his descriptive research on political leaders. correspond to MacGregor, transforming leadership is a process in which leaders and followers dish out each other to advance to a higher level of honorablee and motivation. MacGregor divers(prenominal)iated surrounded by leadership and management, and related them to characteristics and behaviors. jibe to MacGregor, the transforming approach creates significant multifariousness in people and organizations by changing the employee expectations and aspirations. This is because it redesigns the perceptions and values. Unlike in transactional approach, it is not based on a give and take descent bu t on the leader? s personality and abilities, articulation of an energize halluci solid ground and intriguing goals.He theorized that transforming and transactional leaders were mutually scoop shovel styles. Bernard M. rich (1985), spread out upon MacGregor? s work (1985) by explaining the psychological mechanisms that underlie transforming and transactional leadership. low used transformational sooner of transforming original ideas to develop what is today referred to as Bass? Transformational Leadership Theory. 2 According to Bass, transformational leadership can be defined based on the impact that it has on followers. According to Bass, transformational leaders earn corporate trust, appreciate and admiration from their followers. Transformational leadership can be found at all leadership levels in an organization.These leaders are seen to have a charismatic appeal in that they are tidy sumary, enthusiastic, crazeate, daring, inspiring, energetic, risk takers and thoug htful thinkers. However, charisma alone may not be sufficient to transform an organization. To gear changes, the leaders must designate the factors of transformational leadership. The four different components of transformational leadership as suggested by Bernard M. Bass ? Intellectual stimulation Transformational leaders not only altercate the status quo they overly encourage creativeness among followers. The leader encourages followers to explore new ship canal of doing things and new opportunities to nobble. Page 9 ? Individualized favor Transformational leadership also involves offering support and encouragement to individual followers.In order to foster adjuvant relationships, transformational leaders find lines of communication blustering so that followers feel free to share ideas and so that leaders can offer direct recognition of each follower? s unique contributions. ? inspirational Motivation Transformational leaders have a clear visual sensation that they are able to articulate to followers. These leaders are also able to help followers experience the same passion and motivation to live up to these goals. ? Idealized square up The transformational leaders serves as a role model for followers. Because followers trust and lever the leader, they emulate the leader and internalize his Assumptions slew follow a person who inspires them A person with vision and passion can achieve great things Enthusiasm and readiness get things make.Leadership style The leadership style pick out is selling type. This involves Developing the vision transformational leadership beginnings with cultivation of a vision. This may be done by older managers, the leader or the team up. The leaders because buy and overleap into the vision. Selling the vision the leader then constantly sells the vision to the followers. The leaders want adoption of the vision through creating trust and any means available to prevail on _or_ upon the followers. Seeking the way forward this goes along with the selling activity. many leaders know the way and barely want others to follow, trance others happily lead the exploration of practicable routes since they do not have a ready strategy.With a clear vision, though the direction may not be very clear, it is always cognise. Since this is an ongoing process, a transformational leader will accept the failures and sate with whatever turn over that is made. Page 10 Leading the charge the final stage and most exact is that the leader takes the lead and remains fundamental during the action. This is where the leader is a role model setting the examples by not groundlessness behind their troops. Their brutish commitment keeps the team focused. These leaders are people oriented and thus describe a parallelism surrounded by the task and the followers. Transformational leadership borrows a lot from relationship theories also known as transformational theories. furiousness is laid more on the assort formed betwixt the leaders and the followers. The leader inspires and motivates the group to see the importance and importee of the task, but also wants each individual to fulfill their potential. Advantages of Transformational leadership ? This kind of leadership style oftentimes brings out high ethical and moral standards. Since the team is all geared towards achieving the organisational task as well as their individual goals. ? Produces a highly energized work force, which is essential to achieve organizational goals. It enables maximation of synergy in the team. Disadvantages of Transformational leadership ?Since the style emphasizes on imprint management, it leads to a moral self aureole/ promotion by the leaders. ? Due to the influence emphasis, the followers may be manipulated by the leaders to meet more than they actually gain. ? ? The energy applied by leaders can gain out the followers making them give up. The passion and trust can considerably be pret ended as reality. This may lead to mistakes with consequences being adopted. Though transformational leaders are charismatic, they are not like pure charismatic leaders who succeed through their individualism since they believe in others. Page 11 The leadership style is almost unacceptable to teach or train since it? s a compounding of leadership theories and personal attributesExamples of Transformational Leaders Nelson Mandela to the south Africa was a racially polarized unpolished for many decades. Nelson Mandela was able to modify the apartheid leading to the ontogenesis of a nation now recognized globally. His was able to use his charisma to synchronise the haves and have-nots towards a universal cause transforming the nation from the polarity caused by the racial and wealth factors. Mahtama Gandhi Prior to the British occupation, India was amongst the leading goods merchandise nation. The British incur was highly mechanize with modern industrial power they succes sfully eliminated the local Indian artisans? infrastructure turning India into a big importer and consumer nation.Different leaders were contemplating different ways to beat British in India he sought to represent the reason for colonialism. According to Mahatma, the way to repulse the British was through non violent ways to become self reliant and bar consuming position products. He therefore opted for persistent mass movements that would eventually prove expensive to the British Rule. Gandhi inspires various leaders including South African Nelson Mandela and various movements for civilian rights and freedom across the world. surface-to-air missile Walton surface-to-air missile Walton, founder of Wal-Mart, often visited Wal-Mart stores across the country to meet with associates to show his appreciation for what they did for the company.Sam Walton gave rules for success in his autobiography, one of which was to appreciate associates with praise (Walton, 1996). Page 12 asshol e Welch He was chairperson and chief operating officer of general Electric between 1981 and 2001. During his tenure at GE, the companys value go up 4,000% and was the most worthy company in the world for a while. Having taken GE with a foodstuff capitalization of about $12 billion, bullshit Welch turned it into one of the largest and most respect companies in the world, with a market value of about $ calciferol billion, when he stepped down as its CEO 20 days later, in 2000. Although laborer Welch was a keep leader of a global manufacturing business often renowned for its technological prowess, he utilized a very human process to drive change through GEs vast organization.Having respect for the individual as a diametric force in organizational change, Welch created a model of exceptional performance either corporate leader can learn from. Page 13 References Lussier/Achua 3rd edition. efficient Leadership. Course textual matter Kurnik, E. (2012). Transactional Leadershi p. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from HubPages Inc http//edikurnik. hubpages. com/hub/Transactional-Leadership Yukl, G. A. (Gary A. Yukl). Leadership in Organizations (6th Edition). unexampled Jersy Prentice Hall. Burns, J. M. (1978) Leadership. New York. Harper words Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership Industrial, military and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum Page 14

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summery - Essay Example(Richardson) Most of the people gestate that teachers are reluctant in implementing interpolates in their teaching strategies because they feel threatened, defensive, and perhaps rushed when somebody demands change in their methods. In fact teachers undertake change voluntarily, following their sense of what their educatees need and what is working. Voluntary change is what teachers actually do in their classrooms it does not necessarily lead to exemplary teaching (Richardson)The induction teachers and experience teachers approach to the change management may be different. The induction teachers experienced more change in their beliefs than their practices, whereas experienced teachers demonstrated more change in their practices than their beliefs. (Luft,p. 531) The experienced teachers always have a strong belief in the traditional methods of teaching but they were pressure to change their practices because of the external pressure from the authorities. O n the other hand, the induction teachers may not have much practical experiences and their beliefs also may not be adequate. So they will be more flexible as far as change in beliefs is concerned.If all teachers make decisions autonomously, the schooling of an individual student could be quite incoherent and ineffective. This, too, suggests that help, direction, or encouragement provided to staff rather than to individuals could be necessary to promote change that is valuable to the learner (Richardson) Beliefs are searing when it comes to understanding a teachers practice. For example, two mathematics teachers with similar knowledge may taught in different ways. Understanding of beliefs was more useful in predicting teachers classroom decisions (Luft & Roehrig p.40) Institutions cannot behave like a market place where all the deals were based on competitions and bargaining. It should be functioned in a

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Juvenile Detainees - Research Paper Examples responsibility to ensure that the young detainees are provided with redundant reproduction and psychological restoration, in order to help them regain their well-being and prevent recidivism. Correctional military officeholders come across many unique situations in their profession, where the detainees require special attention and consideration. Cases of substance abuse, sexual abuse, children suffering from mental disorders, those belonging to minority groups and children with disabilities a good deal come under this purview.The issue of a juvenile correctional officer is probably one of the most challenging ones, requiring a strong sense of solidarity as well as sensibility towards the juvenile detainees. The responsibilities of a correctional officer extend beyond mere provision of security and supervision. The future of a juvenile detainee often depends on the actions of his/her correctional officer. Such a role can only be ful ly surmised when the tasks, responsibilities and the tribulations faced by an officer, in relation to the detainees assigned to him, are fully understood. The neurobiological and psychological states of children and adolescents are real fragile, especially in the case of juvenile delinquents. Most juvenile offenders are found to have psychological disorders and mental ailments, which expose them and the correctional officers to dangerous and often life threatening situations. Young detainees are found to have a higher incidence of suicidal tendencies, substance abuse and criminal inclinations that often place correctional officers in unique situations that need to be dealt with meticulous, clever as well as humanitarian approaches.On account of their violent history, juvenile delinquents puddle a long time to

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 1

Critically evaluate, in relation to the viridity law duty of care, the liability of employers for references - Essay typefaceThis document examines the liability of the employers in the process of issuance of references in relation to this law. References are documents given to electric potential employers addressing the employees ability to determine their suitability for a given job description. Potential employers use it to offers or reject the employees request to obtain a job. Based on this purpose, references are professional documents that run a lot of weight pertaining to the fact that they can make one get or loose a job and hence scotch income. The common law of duty of care is applied in the intervention of conflicts which arise in the process of compiling this document. According to Myers (2011), in that location are, however, various ramifications involved in the process of giving references, while considering the common law of duty of care. First, the reference is supposed to be accurate while at the same time the employer trammel himself within the terms of contract between him/her and employee. If it is alluded in the terms that the trust and confidence must be maintained and the employer disrespects this by way of disclosing information which depicts deficiency of trust by the employee then the employer must take full legal liability for having dishonored the terms and conditions of agreement. This on the other hand means the potential employer may suffer for considering the employee because of the hidden misconduct. As such the potential employee may consider seeking legal redress over the misinformation, holding the former employer reasonable for it. This is due to differences in terms and conditions of contract given by the two employers to the same employee. The major challenge in using this law to intervene in such a situation is that where the employee move from one employer to another with totally different terms and conditions of contract, the law becomes difficult to implement. Eden (2011) asserts that in order to lower but not utterly escape the risk of liability for references, employers may refuse to give reference, limit reference to factual matters including dates of employment and job titles or include a disclaimer, i.e. that the reference is given on the basis that the employer accepts no liability which may arise from the reliance on the information therein. But there are guidelines to following considering the ways of reducing the risk of issuing references. The employer does not just decide to adopt one. Absconding from giving reference may not be a choice for the employer since the terms of contract implies it under the considerations. Considerations in the employment situation are promises made by the employer o the employee. They include things that have economic value and do not cover what was given in the past (Jones, 2011). It is an obligation for employers because failure to do so may amount to an individual missing out on employment opportunity. This can be challengeable in the court of law by the employee. Therefore they are obliged to issue testimony upon request. A disclaimer is usually preferred by the employers. It somehow shields the employer from being victimized by the terms and conditions in his/her own company. It does not however absolutely protect him from legal suit. Disclaimer will be stated by the employer after having specified the employment details of the

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Film review for JAWS 1975 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film review for JAWS 1975 - Coursework ExampleHowever, eventually the things go out of hand, leading to some killings and mayhem, until the man-eating shark is killed by the police chief Brody.The plastic film is actually a gripping sequence of exciting and nerve wrecking scenes. One of the scenes in the movie that evokes intense excitement is the one in which the police chief Brody, a shark hunter Quint and the marine biologist Hooper try to hook the anthropophagite shark, when suddenly an enormous great white shark emerges from behind the boat, imbuing the audience with much anticipation and fear. The other memorable scene in the movie is the cease when the trio Quint, Brody and Hooper are shown struggling helplessly against the big shark. This scene keeps the viewers hooked with an unsettling anticipation and a risky aura of expectation, when eventually Brody saves the day by his presence of mind.There are many sources in the story that sustain and maintain the tension inhere nt in the storyline with their specific peculiarities and character traits. not to mention, the most important character in the story is that of the police chief Brody (Roy Scheider), who with his inherent premonition of the impending doom, keeps the audience stuck to the edge of their seats. The other interesting character is that of the marine biologist Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss), who throughout the movie, tries to balance the surrounding atmosphere of anxiety and suspense by bringing in some scientific explanation pertaining to the muddy force targeting the town.It goes without saying that the immense box office success of the Jaws could be attributed to its extraordinary ability to keep the plot tout and the action enervating by its mind boggling tension, above normal levels of horrid anticipation, deep and creepy suspense, a disturbing aura of anxiety, and an intimidating sense of anticipation (Nowell-Smith, 1997, p. 515). However, the one ethical helplessness of the movie is that it projects the sharks as an animal in

Business Law - resit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Law - resit - Coursework ExampleHowever, snap is concerned astir(predicate) the fact that Anita remains unwell very frequently which makes her scope of section for the overall business questionable. Sally is also concerned about the fact that owe to the health complications of Anita, a situation might arise, where the accurate business will be Sallys responsibility where she would want to take over to the entire business by paying off Anita. Partnership law of United Kingdom Partnership in business is commonly known as the affinity between two lot or a group of people who view to work to take aimher under one name with the intention to earning upper limit profit. According to the s. 25 & s. 26 Vict.Ch.89 of the Partnership Act 1890 of UK, people involved in a partnership be deemed as jointly accountable for the mischance as well as the success of the business as both of them own the common property. Furthermore, the law also suggests that, at the least two people or group would be required to form a partnership agreement1. a) As depicted in the given case referral, both Sally and Anita are eager to work together as a combined unit. The underlying motive of Sally is to obtain competitive advantages in the local market. However, the motive of Anita was to bear upon obtaining profits, by mitigating her limitation of poor health. Here, neither of the parties has invested any significance towards investments made to the business. In this regard, section 24 of the UK Partnership Act 1890 depicts that when two individuals or companies are engaged in any partnership, they invest equal amount to the overall business whereby the profits or losses resulting from their operations will also be shared evenly. Since both Sally and Anita are assumed to invest equally in the business, they are also liable to share the outcomes of the business equally. Furthermore, section 24 of the Partnership Act 1890 also depicts that owing to similar contributions in the form of capital to the business, either companies or individuals involved in the partnership will equally take part in the management of the business, including all the ordinary matters linked with the company operations. Contextually, both Sally and Anita will need to share the responsibilities of the business equally owing to the section 24 of the Partnership Act 1890. In precise, it can be stated that remuneration and work responsibility of both the parties will be equal in accordance to their inputs in the combines operation of both the businesses2. Furthermore, Sally is also concerned about the frequent health complications of Anita. Owing to this aspect, it is evident that Sally will need to provide greater inputs to the business as compared to Anita, owing to Anitas health problems and consequently, Anitas share shall logically remain limited or lower than that obtainable by Sally. In such situations, where the partners involved in the business are recognised to fail in acti vely contributing towards the organizational success and are thereby termed as sleeping partners. According to the Limited Partnerships Act 1907 of the UK, sleeping partners will be only being liable to get profits for the amounts they have invested in the business. In this regard, Anita will be eligible to realise a marginal amount from the profit of the business, whereas Sally, owing to her greater contribution towards the management of the business, will be liable to obtain a larger section of the profit of the

Communication Justice, Rights and Law class task 1 Case Study

Communication Justice, Rights and Law class task 1 - Case Study Example tally to Article 33, it is the countrys responsibility to discourage racial, parochial, sectarian, tribal, and provincial discrimination among the citizens. In this case, Kinyua (2014) asserts that the citizens in context are Muslim citizens.As it has been indicated above, Pakistan is a Muslim country where any person within the confinement of her territories, including Asia Bibi and her family, are required to heed to these provisions. The fact of this matter is that Asia Bibi was living within the Pakistans territories. In this case, she was under the laws and regulations that governed the nation. In this case, it is describe that she insulted her fellow workers in the name of Islam. Accordingly, she takes water from the same well as the Muslims. Not only did she commit the heinous act, but also she professed her religion (Christianity) by indicating that it is superior that Islamic. According to the evidence presented during the proceeding, Asia Bibi committed a capital crime of blaspheming prophet Mohamed. All these offences committed by Asia Bibi carry specified punishments according to .Section 295 C of the Pakistan Penal Code.., Bryant (2009). The penal code provides for 3 years imprisonment for qualification any sound or uttering of any word or making any gesture with deliberate intent of hurting the religious feelings of other persons. In addition, mandatory Death doom and fine are provided in plane section 295C for any person who uses derogatory remarks, written, spoken, indirectly, or directly defiles or blasphemes the name of Muhammad. Furthermore, the section affirms that the presiding judge in this matter should be a Muslim firm and the witness presented by non-Muslims will carry less weight in such proceedings.In this case, Asia Bibi was legally and properly convicted of the blasphemy charges and hence the death sentence issued and the fine imposed was done according to the provision of the law,

Personal Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Plan - Essay ExampleSuch a culture would provide room for innovation and creativity. The work schedule in much(prenominal) a culture would be convenient and suitable for individual employees. An ideal workplace culture would be the one in which goals, jobs, and expectations are clear. The management would be considerate and in that location would not be clashing demands. The culture would provide a supportive environment and encourage personal development and feedback. It would be a stable environment and one that provides for recognition of effort and celebration of success. Employees would enjoy working in such a workplace (Lawler & Thye, 2006).I think there is a relationship between effective study habits and techniques and being successful in such work cultures. Motivating oneself to study by setting goals would inform personal discipline that is crucial for success in the workplace. Timetabling or charting ones time usage teaches how to manage, effectively, time even when in the workplace. Effective listen skills are useful to students and they go a long way to determining how the individual will get along with seniors and colleagues in the workplace. Participating in-group discussions equips individuals with skills necessary for teamwork that is an definitive factor influencing success at the workplace. Taking breaks is an effective study technique, is also needed for success in the workplace because it allows individuals to reenergize and refresh, and prevents burn out (Lawler & Thye, 2006).My blind spy foster me identify how it would feel working in a particular workplace. Some workplaces elicit strong negative reactions while others elicit strong appointed reactions. I consider working in the latter and avoid the former. One of my strengths is optimism and I consider working in a place that will help me live positively. Self-motivation is my strength and I look forward to working in a

What Constitutes Coercion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Constitutes Coercion - Essay ExampleLegally in the law, coercion is a irons crime. This action is used to force the dupe as leverage to act in a desired manner. Coercion involves actual psychological harm, physical psychic trauma or pain infliction in order to promote the credibility of threats. This threat of continuous harm may result in the person world coerced to cooperate and remain obedient. Coercion becomes torture when it is extremely applied, for instance, infliction of severe pain in a person until the desired response is got from the victim. Coercion involves non-homogeneous levels. The strongest form of coercion entails killing a victim. Another level of coercion is threatening to take the life of a person unless the person remains obedient. Threats of robbing, beating, or incarcerate makes another level of coercion. Some of the strong forms of coercion include the threat of force, force or even deadly force on people. judicature law enforcing agencies such as p olice operates with various levels of coercion. For instance, threatening to apply force to a criminal in order to get a excuse is police work, but actual torture is police misconduct. As a police force, criminals may be compelled to give a testimony and in the process, almost threat of force may be used. This remains police work as long as the deadly force is not applied to the victim. all subsequent torture or force on the victim who has already confessed or not is considered police misconduct. In eccentrics where police successfully retrieve instruction from a criminal by use of force or intimidation, then we can proudly say, the means justifies the end. At that level, coercion is acceptable especially if the case was a matter of national security. However, the level of the acceptable coercion needs to be measured in terms of seriousness to avoid cases where a victim ends up dead in the process of interrogation by a law enforcement agency.

Midterm Essay Essay Example for Free

Midterm Essay EssayAs a ruler in the Warring States period, my dry lands survival has the utmost(a) importance. Therefore, choosing a philosophy to base my government upon is a crucial decision. Legalism, Confucianism, Mohism, and Daoism are all great philosophies but for my state, I choose to implement Legalism. Legalism supports a set system based on publicized laws that deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Legalism to a fault emphasis an adherence to laws and customs, obedience to the ruler and receiving influential positions based on merit. Legalism as a national strategy of governance is crucial in times of chaos and constant fighting.For mykingdom I demand absolute obedience from my subjects. I wishing officials who are qualified by my side to dish me make important decisions. I do not want a government full of family members and friends who do not have the credentials for the position. Also I believe everyone should be punished according to the law and in that respect should be no special treatments for the nobles. Everyone is fitting under the law in my state. I want to conquer neighboring lands and become the ruler of a unified China. Legalist ideas support my goals for conquest, riches and a well- surgical operation government and that is why I choose to implement Legalism in my state.The principal(prenominal) ideas of Legalism are to lengthen the rule of the ruler. To further the interest of the ruler, a rulers adoption of the Legalism was associated with a tight control of society. Secondly, Legalism emphasized the usage of incentives to govern. Thirdly, Legalism emphasized the usage of institutions in inducing desired behavior because the Legalists believed human nature was inherently bad. As an individual could not be trusted, Legalists paid much attention to the design of institutions to prevent undesirable things from happening. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, the Legalism direct boost the building of a concept ive army.For rulers trying to survive the competition among states, Legalism is more practical and can be implemented more easily than other schools of vox populi during the Warring State period. 1 For my state, I would employ Han FeiZis form of Legalism. His ideas are centered on a COMBINATION OF FA ? (LAW), SHU ? (METHOD) AND SHI ? (POWER). BEFORE HAN FEIZI, LEGALIST PHILOSOPHERS SUCH AS SHANG YANG ONLY STRESSED ON FA ? , SHEN BUHAI ONLY STRESSED ON SHU ? , WHILE SHEN DAOQIANG ONLY STRESSED ON SHI ? . 2 HAN FEIZI BELIEVED THAT FA ? , SHU ? and Shi ? should all be implemented together.If except Shu ? is taken into practice and FA ? IS NEGLECTED, PEOPLE HAVE NO REASON TO FOLLOW THE LAW. IF FA ? IS BEING IMPLEMENTED then this can pass on the state wealth and effect but without Shu ? the regime forget not be able to maintain its ruling and without Shi ? , a ruler gratuity not be able to do work order or rule efficiently. Therefore it is important to implement all thre e ideas together to fix peace and stability to the kingdom. FA ? (LAW) In Legalism, law is apply as a standard for judgment on whether a certain behavior is appropriate, inappropriate, right or wrong.Thus, all human behavior has to be wrapped deep down the boundaries set forth by the law. A Legalist type of law does not recognize the peoples unavoidably but instead, everyones urgencys and interests leave be based according to the standard of law. Legalism also stresses the importance publicizing laws so people can know and follow them. This depart bring order and justice to the state. In a Legalist state everyone is equal before the law and the system 1 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. crude York Seven Bridges, 2001. Print 2 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W.Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. bare-assed York Seven Bridges, 2001. Print of rewards and punishments does not care about social status, family backgr ound signal but instead deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Those who contribute to the state allow for be rewarded, while those who violate the law will be punished. 3 Shu ? (Method) Shu is a bureaucratic model of administration to aid the ruler and second prevent corruption and incompetence. It is also a political method or tactic used by a ruler to effectively control officials and subjects. Han FeiZi believed that a ruler must utilize Shu ?in order to identify loyal officials from disloyal subjects. This will help the ruler consolidate world-beater and strength in order to control his subjects effectively Han FeiZi urged rulers to control officials and subjects by the two handles of punishment and favor. 4 An officials accomplishments must neither be greater than nor less than their assigned duties. A minster is al representations held accountable for his and his subordinates actions. Also the ruler must not allow people to know his thoughts and should be suspicio us of everyone. In doing so, the ruler can prevent takeovers and rebellions for hisposition.5 Shi ? (Power) 3 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York capital of South Carolina UP, 1967. Print. 4 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 5 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York Columbia UP, 1967. Print. In Legalism, power is an important part of governance. If a ruler does not wield any power then the law becomes a superficial notion and method will be useless.In order to ruler over a kingdom, the leader has to possess power. In Legalism, power should be employed within the confines of law in order to maximize its usage. If the law is ignored in order to exercise power, then this kind of power can easily lead to chaos and turmoil. Power is not inherently good or evil but the soulfulness who wields it can be a moral or immoral person. It is important to employ FA ? AND SHI ? TOGETHER BECAUSE IF A RULER HAS NO POWER THEN THE LAW CANNOT BE ENFORCED which makes a superficial ruler but if one has power but is not constrained by law, this can leadto an abuse of power that can bring harm to society. 6 BY EMPLOYING ALL THREE TENANTS OF FA ? , SHU ? AND SHI ? , LEGALISM CAN BRING STABILITY AND peace to my state. I would employ Legalism in my state because it can help expand the population of my kingdom by uniting the warring factions and states under my control. According to Legalist ideals hereditary titles must be abolished and yet those who have merit should discombobulate government positions. This delegacy I should not employ family members and friends because they can influence my decisions on a personal level.This can eliminate corruption andcronyism from my kingdom. 7 succeeding(prenominal) by creating strict laws for the citizens to follow wi ll foster obedience by means of punishments and favors. 8 According to Legalist scholars, to expand my states population I should also focus on agriculture and the phalanx which will to a surplus of nutrition and 6 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 7 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 197.8 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 196 help create stronger warriors. This will allow for more conquests and military campaigns. By investing state resources into agriculture, famines can be prevented and populations will grow. 9 Also a mandatory military service for a short time will help my kingdom fight against the barbarians from the west. 10. Finally, increasing the military c an also prevent invasions and help my state conquer lands, thus leading to an increase in population as well.Another reason I would employ Legalism because it can also help increase the wealth in my state. The increase in food will help increase trade of agricultural products like millet and wheat as well as other products like plums, apricots, dates, melons, persimmons, beef and pork. Through military conquests an increase of natural resources, tax revenue and workers will help strength the state economy. Lastly, the creation of strict laws with emphasis on collective responsibility will help prevent people from violating the laws. Other philosophies have merits that could help me govern my state.The main ideas of Confucianism are to establish a harmonic society, rather than to promote the interests of the ruler. Second, the Confucianism school does not encourage the usage of material incentives and opposed the usage of severe punishments to rule. To motivate individual behavior, m oral obligations were emphasized. 11 Third, the Confucianism school did not value institutions in inducing desirable behavior and that human nature is inherently good. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, Confucianism discouraged a states invasion of other states. Confucianism argued that9 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 52. 10 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 40. 11 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print by following the guidance of li, a humane ruler would induce residents in other states to accept the rule of the humane ruler voluntarily. Relying on military vehemence as a defense would be inferiorand would be unnecessary for a state.12 To expand the population of my state, Confucianism recommends cultivating goodness (ren) as well as maintaining ritual propriety (li) so I become the most righteous ruler in the land. When a ruler is righteous, his subjects perform righteous tasks down to the parkland man and people from other lands shall visit my state. 13 This would increase my kingdoms population. To increase the wealth of my state, Confucian scholars would recommend returning to the traditional cream puff tax system of the 10% tithe. 14This will allow farmers to have enough grain toreduce famines and allow more trade to be conducted when there is an excess of products. Confucians would not endorse a state that seeks profit over goodness because goodness (ren) is more desirable for a Confucian gentleman (junzi).When a ruler decides that profit is worth more than virtues, his subjects begin to look for profits as well and ignore virtues, thus leading to gradual corruption within the state. 15 I would not employ Confucianism in my state because while cultivating goodness and being a gentleman is an h onorable task, I am only interested in 12 Slingerland, Edward Gilman.Kongzi (Confucius) The Analects. In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2005. Print. 13 Slingerland, Edward Gilman. Kongzi (Confucius) The Analects. In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 2005. Print. 14 Slingerland, Edward Gilman, Kongzi (Confucius) The Analects. In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. 1-58. Indianapolis, IH Hackett Publishing Company Inc. 2005. Print 15 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol.1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 115. Print. increasing my kingdoms wealth, population and status. Legalist scholars say it would be hard to reduce the tax to 10% and should be kept at a 20% tithe in order to have enough currency and supplies to supply a growing army. Also the selection of government officials thr ough recommendations valued by Confucianism led to spirited level of corruption. High positions of the government were monopolized by individuals with strong family backgrounds and capable individuals with weak family backgrounds could not get high rank positions.16 To reducecorruption in my kingdom, I should abolish hereditary titles and promote through merit so there would be fairness in my government and less bribery and dishonesty. 17 Another philosophy that has gained momentum and fame is Daoism. Daoism is centered on the ideas of wu (emptiness) and wuwei (non-doing). It also places importance on Yin and Yang.Daoism promotes the idea that material items will not satisfy a persons soul, leading to lifelong emptiness and competition. 18 Daoism also endorses the idea of non-doing but this does not mean to do nonentity at all. It simply means that we must not interfere with the natural course of things.The practice of non-action will lead to spiritual harmony with the Tao. Daoism explains the true path to happiness is to throw onward all desires so people will not become selfish or corrupt, throw away concepts of justice and morality so people will do the right thing and throw away profit so people will not become thieves. 19 16 17 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 197. Print. 18 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York Seven Bridges, 2001.323. Print 19 Laozi, and Jonathan Star. Tao Te Ching The New Translation from Tao Te Ching The Definitive Edition. New York Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2008. Print. Daoist ideas would not help me achieve my goals of increases in population, wealth or uniting the warring states under my control. Daoist scholars would argue that the population does not need to be bigger than it already is. The sage Laozi has said that a state should be small and the people few so that the y will have less ambitions and acquire less wealth, keeping them happy without the excess of material possessions.20 Daoists would also be against increasing state wealth because in doing so, it will tempt people with desires of wealth and that will lead to corruption in the state. 21 Daoist scholars would encourage me to do nothing and allow things to go their way course which is the concept of wuwei. Daoism would be against war and trying to unify the states under my rule. I would not employ Daoism because it does not help me achieve my goals of a great kingdom. I want to go on war campaigns to conquer lands and have control over my kingdom.Allowing people freedom to do whatever they want will lead of instability andI cannot have that in my state. In times of turmoil, it is a foolish thing to try and bring peace by doing nothing. Other states will invade my kingdom if any signs of weakness show. It is better to strengthen the people with military training and values so that they can protect their homes and the state from barbarians, and attack armies. 22 This is why I would not employ the use of Daoism in my kingdom. The last school of thought I considered employing in my kingdom is Mohism. Mohists are the main rivals to Confucians in promoting a way of life centered on moral teachings.20 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 94 Print. 21 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 80 Print. 22 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print. Mohists rejected rituals and music that is central to Confucian beliefs, seeing them as wasteful and pointless. Mohists endorsed moral practices that promote the social welfare of all.Mohists sought a way to restore order (zhi) to human society. 23 The M ohists saw people as naturally good, and thus concerned about their family and community, and mostly ? committed to doing what they take to be morally right. But if people fail to distinguish right from wrong properly because of a lack of proper pedagogy and political leadership, conflicts will arise, leading to disorder. 24 To prevent disorder Mohists want everyone to follow a unified moral code. Ideally, this project would be carried out through a government administered by wise, virtuous leaders, who at each level ofthe state hierarchy would teach everyone to draw moral distinctions in the same way.This way everyone would have the same moral standards and conduct themselves in similar ways by knowing what is right or wrong. 25 To accomplish my goals in attaining wealth and population increases, Mohists scholars would want to promote officials by merit as well and would want to eliminate the rites that Confucians endorse. If I employ the able and worthy, my kingdom will commit virtuous people. 26 Mohists would not want to engage in wars, but would extend the concept of universal love (jian 23 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson.Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 24 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 25 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 26 De Bary, WilliamTheodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 67. Print. ai). 27 Mohists believe if a noble king rules by partiality and is vicious towards hisneighboring states other states will want to destroy his kingdom. If however, he rules by universality and is benevolent towards the other states, then other states will hold him in high regard. I would not employ Mohism in my state because I do no t care about universal love or bounty or morality. My goals for the kingdom are purely political and economic based. I want to be remembered in history for being the ruler of the strongest, largest and most affluent state. During times of turmoil a strong military and cunningness is needed in order overcome the other states.28Legalism is the best choice for my state because it promotes a highly structured society. This can prevent instability and internal conflicts. Also by promoting a system of government based on merit, it eliminates corruption and unentitled people from participating in government. Confucianism allows for too much corruption because mostly nobles dominate the government. Daoism advocates non-doing and peace but that is exactly the opposite of what I want for my kingdom. Doing nothing can lead to instability because there is no structure and everyone can do whatever they please.Lastly Mohism places too much emphasis on ethics and peace. To maintain a kingdom, t he ruler has to make the state ready to invade other states and for invasions as well. To survive in this period of chaos and wars, only the strong survive. Legalism provides the structure I need to rule my kingdom ruthlessly and effectively. 27 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York Columbia University Press, 1999. 70. Print. 28 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print.