Lucent :: essays research papers

LUCENTA Mathematician Rajiv Laroia joined luminouss bell labs in 1992. He wanted to stag wireless data accessible to everyday people thus allowing them to send e-mail, listen to the radio all at the same time with issue denting the budget. Rajiv Laroia brought his five-person team and went out to start Flarion company. Lucent hopes this start up company by Rajiv Laroia will foster harvest-feast for them. Some people might ask how would Lucent acquire from this small start up company. Rajiv Laroia hopes that Flarion could look for new technology in hopes that Lucent might one-day buy them back after they start becoming profitable. In this way, the company hopes to strengthen an Achilles heel of any big firm the effort to capitalize on disruptive white space advances that buck the status quo. (1) Hows does a company like Lucent stay ahead of competition with so many growing areas of technology? As mentioned before by reproduction other companys that are into new technology then b uying them back, and in the last year Lucent has launched 24 other efforts intentional to complement or compete with established business. In this way Lucent can always stay on top of the technology edge. Lucent has do around 150 million dollars from outsourcing. Around 1994 when some of the Technology Company were losing money they started to slash research and development costs. To help cut costs Lucent started exchanging ideas with the goal of getting to the market more quickly. This idea to go beyond existing product lines where Lucent was weak will enhance new growth and foster fresh ideas.

Free Color Purple Essays: Recognition and Equality in The Color Purple :: Color Purple Essays

Recognition and Equality in The Color Purple   The book, The Color Purple, by Alice Walker is a good example on how over the eld women have been making remark fitted strides towards achieving success, recognition and equality.  From the day they began their closeness to each other, bringing unity in which they never quite used to get in progress of their high quality goal. Their particular goal was against greatest freedom of the mans rights.  It was hard to maintain due to them not be able to point to non-equality because they were treated similar slaves. However it was simple to complete with victory. In the book there seem to be at a point where Celie has undecided her eyes and starts her own business.  She owns a business making pants that she established living in Shugs house.  She makes custom pants for her family and then everyone wanted a pair.  by dint of work, she has money and also she dressed well.  Her business is booming and everyone is o rdering pants from her.  This also shows that element of pants.  The pants of her business provide Celie with her own identify directly people see her as a master at something and not some housewife.  It also shows Celie she has an identity and that she doesnt have to live with men and do what they tell her.  This gives her financial freedom as well.  The business brought her into success in which she inherits the house she grew up in and feels even better because now she is living by herself and Nettie, her sister who lives in Africa can come with Celies children and her husband and stay with Celie. At this time happiness is about to go away since a pass along comes from the Ministry of Defense saying that Netties ship sunk.  This brought Celie loosing all her hope and feels like there is nothing to live for when she states Being alive begin to seem like a awful strain. (Page. 262).  However, then Cellie receives more letters from Nettie stating But on e of these days I expect to see your face. In conclusion, this shows that major success is happing and things argon getting better.  Nettie does end up coming to America and living with Cellie and therefore, this is a major success. A key role in the book seems to be a sense of

Accounting :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

AccountingAccounting Project BAC 3AA Profile of an Accounting DepartmentMy interview with the controller of Robin Hood Multifoods Inc. was one of the greatest interviews I have ever experienced. The person whom I interviewed was Mr. Jeff R. Scott. Jeff was a really nice person when I asked him questions. His desk was not as organized as I thought, because accountants are really organized. The reason is because he just got promoted from assistant controller to controller. As I asked him more than and more questions, the answers that came back at me were pretty interesting. Jeff R. Scott is a Chartered Accountant acquired at the University of Western Ontario. His requirements of completing C.A. were a business degree, he had to join a C.A. self-coloured also know as an article, and completing the C.A. exam. Skills included aptitude with numbers, relationships between numbers, algebra, and high-level thinking e.g. summarized data, interpreting what 3-4 pages means in 5-6 years. What might this occupation lead to? This job will most likely lead onto internal audit, managerial, and vice president of finance.How much influence does Jeff R. Scott have in the department/ telephoner? In his own words, Im in full control. I tell people what to do, whom to fire, whom to hire, what their salary should be. Why? Because Im the controller. He has leadership, teamwork. Does not really have a routine set for his staff, as long as the work is done. The working hours what the company refers to as flex-time. Hours of work for Jeff R. Scott is 7 a.m. 6 p.m. For the staff, it is 7 hours. The salary for Jeff R. Scott is between $90,000 - $120,000. Here are some extra information that I fount out. There are a constitutional of 54 employees working in the

Veronica decides to die :: essays research papers

Veronika Decides to Die Paul CoelhoPlot SummaryIn his excellent novel about the aftermath of a young woman s suicideattempt,Paulo Coelho explores three perennial themesconformity,madness,and death.Twenty-four-year-old Veronika li es inSlovenia,one of the republics created by the disintegration ofYugoslavia.She works as a librarian by day,and by night carries onlike many undivided women --dating men,occasionally sleeping withthem,and returning to a single room she rents at a convent.It is alife,but not a very compelling one.So one day,Veronika decides toend it.Her failed attempt,and her inexplicable reasons for wantingto die,land her in a affable hospital,Vilette.Veronika s disappointment at having sur i ed suicide is palpable.She imagines the restof her life filled with disillusionment and monotony,and vows not to leave Vilette alive.Much to her surprise,however,she learns that a fate she desires awaits her anywayShe is destined to die within a week s time,of a heart damage cau sed by her suicideattempt.Gradually,this knowledge changes Veronika s perception of death and life.In the meantime,Vilette s head psychiatrist attempts a fascinating but provocativeexperiment.Can you "shock"someone into wanting to live by convincing her that deathis imminent?Like a doctor applying defibrillator paddles to a heart attack victim,Dr.Igor s "prognosis"jump-starts Veronika s new appreciation of the origination around her.From within Vilette s controlled environment,she finally allows herself to express theemotions she has never allowed herself to feelhate and love,anger and joy,disgustand pleasure.Veronika also finds herself being drawn into the li es of other patientswho intimation constrained but oddly satisfying li es.Eduard,Zedka,and Mari have beensent to Vilette because there doesn t seem to be any other go under for them.Theirfamilies beginner t understand them,and they can t adjust to the social structure that doesn ttolerate their individualit y.Each of these patients reflects on Veronika s situation in hisor her stimulate flash of epiphany,exposing new desire and fresh vision for life that liesoutside the asylum s walls.Vilette is an asylum in the purest sense of the worda place of protection,where one isshielded from danger.In this case the danger is society.Those who refuse to accept

greek philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Greek Religion is the beginning to Greek philosophy and the beginning to many a(prenominal) great philosophers. The lack of stimulation that Greek religion is the main reason why the study of philosophy became so popular in Greek culture. ism of religion was studied because people equal Socrates did not understand why things were and why they had to be only that way. The lack of religion is what guide to people and philosophers challenge the ethical choices people followed.Philosophy is a study of beliefs and knowledge by a group or an individual the study of philosophy according to Socrates was supposed(p) to lead man with knowledge that equaled virtue that eventually led to happiness. Philosophy was a way of living back in Greek culture. There were philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Arcamedies, and Aristotle that were constantly question why things happened and went against what was Greek religion. These men taught the Greek people to study philosophy and knowledge so it wou ld free their souls. Socrates felt that mans soul was quick of scent factuality but the soul was filled with irrational choices. Man needed to focus on what they could do to become truly pure and rational that would led them to there rational soul.The Greek sophists were the professional educators in the poleis. It was these sophists that taught Greek men and boys to open their souls and become one with themselves. They mad them question everyday living and why things were there. A sophi...

greek philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Greek Religion is the beginning to Greek philosophy and the beginning to many great philosophers. The lack of stimulation that Greek religion is the main power wherefore the study of philosophy became so popular in Greek culture. philosophy of religion was studied because throng like Socrates did not understand why things were and why they had to be only that way. The lack of religion is what led to people and philosophers questioning the ethical choices people followed.Philosophy is a study of beliefs and knowledge by a group or an individual the study of philosophy according to Socrates was supposed to lead man with knowledge that equaled virtue that eventually led to happiness. Philosophy was a way of living back in Greek culture. There were philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Arcamedies, and Aristotle that were constantly question why things happened and went against what was Greek religion. These hands taught the Greek people to study philosophy and knowledge so it would fr ee their souls. Socrates felt that mans soul was rational factuality but the soul was filled with irrational choices. Man require to focus on what they could do to become truly pure and rational that would led them to there rational soul.The Greek sophists were the professional educators in the poleis. It was these sophists that taught Greek men and boys to open their souls and become one with themselves. They mad them question everyday living and why things were there. A sophi...

Benefits of Playing a Musical Instrument

Did you know that musicians have come apart fancying than people who dont gyp an instrument at all? Scientists have done research to prove that this statement is a fact. This is more than incisively being able to pick go forth a drum beat from the background of a song, like many people can. Musicians project better overall.The reasons for this are not fully understood, but roughly people have some pretty good ideas as to why musicians develop better listening. Musicians can hear better than non-musicians. Hearing depends on microscopically small hairs deep inside of the ear. If the hairs in the ear are gone, so is the persons perceive. (HearingAids.com)People never stop hearing. Even while sleeping the brain just ignores all sound, not letting the person hear what is actually going on around them. (The Hearing Place, February 6, 2017) This is in fact the same for musicians too., Iit is just something the embody does, and playing an instrument or not does not affect this par t of the hearing process.Musicians hear better in ways, like being able to hear from further away, and they are better at remembering sounds. (NPR music, October 19, 2009) This likely happens because musicians improve due to auditory attention and memory. (National Science Foundation, November 13, 2009) Hearing changes due to the experiences the person has had in their life. (NPR music, October 19, 2009)Musicians can hear better because a lot of experiences theyve had are related to sound. These experiences would be the music they are playing, composing, or listening to. These claims may seem a little confusing, since some people believe that loud music or sounds are related to hearing loss, but these facts are scientifically proven.The differences between musicians hearing and non-musicians hearing is more to do with memory than anything else. This is surprising because better hearing is usually equated with hearing quieter sounds, or the ability to hear from further away. The scie ntist who found that musicians hear better and remember sounds better than people who dont play instruments is Nina Kraus. (NPR music, October 19, 2009)Thanks to her we have this information which could help people who are concerned about losing their hearing with aging age. (Jane Langille, September 26, 2012) Nina Kraus says that playing an instrument, no matter how good someone is at playing, could improve hearing. (NPR music, October 19, 2009) This could happen at any point in life, although children who play instruments at a young age seem to have better hearing than people who start playing later in life.Musicians have better hearing than people who do not play an instrument. This happens because hearing changes due to the experiences the person has had in their life. (NPR music, October 19, 2009) This also happens because musicians improve due to auditory attention and memory. (National Science Foundation, November 13, 2009)If a 20 year old started playing an instrument, that persons hearing could improve, and stay that way through old age. Composing, playing, and listening to music are all important factors to better hearing and/or memory.

Samsung: Building a Great Brand

Samsung Building a Great Brand Presented By Michael Baccus, Marcial De Castro, Judith Dupin, Monica ONeil, and Jose Santillan Marketing Management- MAR 3023-P80 October 5, 2011 Samsung grew its brand lawfulness by 186 percent in just five years from 2000 to 2005. Brand equity is the value of the brand name, its worth as an asset to the company. (Marketing Principles, 2011, Module 6 p. 1). When new management came into the South Korean based firm, it scraped the all the various brand names that the company was selling low end electronics under, and consolidated by branding all of the companys products as Samsung. Ten years later,Samsung is a force to be reckoned with to its competitors and a global brand name. However, the decision to entirely use the brand name Samsung is not the critical key to its success. Samsung has focused on innovation and product plan to build its brand equity and it is working. Samsung employ different innovative ways to inspire and deliver great designs . The former chairman hired hundreds of new designers, implemented usability laboratories, and opened design centers around the gentleman. The enthronisation in product design, the progressive kitchen-gardening, and Samsungs ability to step outside the box has all been invaluable in uilding a great brand. The critical activeness in the process of Samsungs transformation into a world- measuringing developer of new cell phone handset designs and opposite product line designs was its innovation with enthronisation in product design and quality. Samsung built its brand into a superior brand by thinking and acting outside of the box. Instead of focusing on textbook product learning funnels, it focused on more cutting edge methods such as the implementation design centers staffed with highly trained, creative, and skilled schoolboyish designers and no bureaucracy to get in the way of design and innovation.According to Roll (2011), Samsung has created a strong brand around innova tion, cutting edge technology and world class design. (para. 1). Samsung Chairman Lee Kun Hee concluded that great design and innovation would be the way to build Samsung into a great global brand, and he was fall off (Marketing Principles, Module 6, p. 1). Instead of forming panels and hiring managers or more marketers to come up with new gimmicks, he hired hundreds of designers. The designers were from prestigious colleges of design and had an average age of just 33. The design force at Samsung multiplied y over 400% to over 400 designers in 10 years. This out of the take on product development allowed Samsung to transform its product line into world class. Competitors such as Sony have also followed in Samsungs footsteps. According to Kunkel With nearly 250 industrial designers graphic, packaging, and logotype designers user- port specialists and Web designers working in offices from Tokyo to San Francisco to Cologne, the Sony Design Center is responsible for nearly 2,000 new p roducts, concepts, packaging schemes and design strategies every year, driving sales of products nd services totaling nearly $50 billion per year (Product Description, para. 2). Although Sony also employs a lot of designers, Samsung up to now leads the industry in allowing their designs to inspire innovation. Samsungs progressive culture of effective, efficient, and fast implementation is part of its advantage over competitors. According to the dynamic theory of competition presented in Marketing Principles (2011) Suppliers with an insatiable improvement drive ar more competitive. Suppliers who implement effectively, efficiently, and faster be more competitive. (Module 1 p. 6).Samsung changes its product line three times as fast as its competition such as Motorola. Samsung has shown agility, according to Marketing Principles (2011) i. e. the ability to implement change to change processes to introduce new technologies, new skills into the organization very quickly and effectiv ely (Module 1 p. 7). Change is managed very well at Samsung and they have lower manufacturing cost on top of their time to market beingness faster than that of competitors. Samsung avoids bureaucracy at its 24/7 design centers. Designers can work through problems without being delayed by non-productive orporate presentations and politics. Samsung has a constant focus on improvement and being faster and implementing the next innovation before the completion. Fackler (2006) explained, Our TVs are better, Nobuyuki Oneda, Sonys chief financial officer, said in an interview earlier this year. But Samsungs cash flow is amazing. It is hard-fought to invest in and develop products at the same pace as Samsung. (para. 23). Samsungs use of usability laboratories have been key in its market orientation skills and apprehensiveness the user interface. Samsung does not follow the textbook best-practice of product development, which is idely now considered yesterdays best practice in product de velopment. According to Marketing Principles, Samsung uses concurrent engineering and fast prototyping in an around the clock approach to problem solving (Module 6 Case 2 p. 1). The traditional best practice solitary(prenominal) produces a success rate of 50 percent in product development. This out dated way of thinking is burdened with gates. These gates are where bureaucracy in an organization can delay forward movement of the product design. Samsung has decentralized and broke away from this way of development.It is actually criticized in the show window study with the example of the use of Samsungs design centers. Product development is free to develop in a creative environment without lawyers or other hold ups. Samsung has taken its out of the box approach and its investment in design and turned it into profits. As Marketing Principles explains, according to the current CEO of Samsung we still have a lot of things to do before we are a great company. (Module 6 Case 2 p. 2) With that approach and its constant drive to beat itself, The Samsung brand equity is likely to continue to grow. ReferencesMarketing Principles. (2011). Portsmouth, NH Backbone Press Frackler, M. (2006). Electronics company aims to create break-out product. The New York Times, p. C. 1. Kunkel, P. (1999, September 4). Product Description Review of the book digital Dreams The Work of the Sony Design Center. Amaonz. com. Retrieved from http//www. amazon. com/Digital-Dreams-Work-Design-Center/dp/0789302624 Roll, M. (2011). Samsung Building brand equity through brand community. Venture Republic. Retrieved from http//www. venturerepublic. com/resources/Samsung_Building_brand_equity_through_brand_community. asp

Comparing and contrasting lease versus purchase options Essay

It is important to know the difference between lease leveraging and lease option. The use of leases can as well scram an impact on a unions liquidity profitability ratios (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2005). First the organization should study the expenses of what it would cost to lease as to what it cost to purchase this can be done with a reduced cash flow evaluation. The study would compare the expense of the alternatives by taking into account the scheduling of payments, tax income benefits, and liaison rates on any loans, and other financial arrangements. To make an evaluation, the company has to be sure ab surface the financially viable lifespan of equipment, this would also include the salvage value and depreciation of such equipment. Here is a brief description of what debt financing is referred as. Debt financing is when money is borrowed by an organization and has to be repaid back with interest. Debt financing does dilute the ownership of the company.Debt financing can be looked at as either a long-term debt or short-term debt. twain examples of debt financing are the issue of Bonds and a Line of Credit. Line of Credit is a bank loan where a company can draw out funds when times are slow, and money is needed. Bonds can be issued as form of debt financing. Bonds are usually long-term and come with a maturity ranging from sevener to 30 years. These bonds are usually underwritten by a bank or securities firm who assist in the sales of these bonds. Equity financing is another system of raising money by selling company stock to outside investors. In return for their interest in buying stock, the share leader receives ownership interest in the company.An advantage to using debt is that the debt helps to produce and hold greater investment returns for the companys equity holders. When using debt financing the primary advantage is that it allows the founders to hold ownership and control of the company. The disadvantage to this is that itrequires smal ler business to make monthly payments of both principal and interest. The use of capital structure depends on what a company can afford some small companies cannot afford debt financing like larger corporations. I think equity financing is a good bearing for smaller companies to raise capital because the owner can still hold on to control and raise money at the same time.ReferenceSchroeder, R.G., Clark, M.W., & Cathey, J.M. (2005). fiscal Accounting Theory and Analysis (8th Ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley & Sons.

Abortion laws should be properly regulated Essay

Pro-Life or Pro-Choice?Abortion is one of the heaviest controversial topics discussed in the American politics. Abortion is the removal of a fetus before it has been born. The opposing sides of the debate each strongly remember that they are right. Pro-Choice believe that it is a womans right to choose what to do. Pro-Life are concerned about the life of the unborn child. Resulting of this debate leads to the case of Roe v. wade in 1973. Roe v. Wade started when a woman in Texas wished to terminate her pregnancy but the laws in Texas didnt allow stillbirth except just now when the woman needs to be saved. The Courts decision in this case was the disprove limitations of stillbirths to women. Somehow women find a reason to take a shit an abortion such as their religious practices, attitudes towards their values and future, their philosophy, and so on. I support that women should be sufficient to have the right to have an abortion in the beginning trimester. The reason being is be cause some women would have been raped and they dont want to have a child who reminds them of a rapist and they cant cope with that, or theyre not financially stable, or probably because of their religious practices.According to Roe v. Wade case, some of the people had a a couple of(prenominal) reasons why they would want pass the law of ending abortion and to justify it. When they allowed abortion, the abortion mortality rates were high. Another reason was that they wanted to protect prenatal life. They would unaccompanied abort the fetus when the mothers life is at stake. Finally, they didnt want to encourage illegal sexual conduct. That is what the pro-life believes. Pro-choice say that women should have the right to privacy but pro-life tries argue that the constitution doesnt specifically say any right to privacy. Pro-choice tries to prove that having a bodge causes the woman to have a distressful life and future and that can cause some psychological harm. Some of the women will not be financially stable to have a child either due to being young or not having a stable and well-paying job. The debate on abortion is still going on today.In modern politics, our president-elect, Donald Trump, has plans for Roe v. Wade. He wants to appoint a justice who would overturn Roe v. Wade. If it was overturned, a womans right to abortion would depend on the state she lives in. Trump said that Roe v. Wade was wrongly decided which government agency that Trump is pro-life. He wants to prohibit abortion during his presidency. If abortion was prohibited by him, women would still always find a way to abort the fetus but in a noisome and unsafe way such as using a coat hanger or back-alley procedures. In my opinion, all women in every state should have glide path to abortion but only in the first trimester. I say only in the first trimester because, after that, it is when the fetus will start to mount feelings and organs. If a woman waits until the middle of the thir d trimester, that is almost fully grown a baby inside the womb who has all the organs, feelings and about to be born, it is fundamentally known as a baby, no longer a fetus. Abortion should be legal for the first trimester.In Roe v. Wade, it helps many women to be able to get an abortion. Theyre not trying to encourage people to have sexual interaction and the woman ends up becoming pregnant and take advantage of the system. They are trying to give women access who would be the ones who had been raped, too young, financially unstable, religious practices, health reasons, and so on. Women have a right to privacy which means that other people shouldnt have to decide that she has to keep the baby. It is her body, her life, her future, her choice. Advocates of abortion may think that is seriously wrong, but women should do what is best for them and their babies. If abortion is to sojourn legal, it should be regulated and controlled and be a means to enhance the life of the mother and be beneficial to the society.

Police Officer Sophmore Project Essay

IntroductionThe name of my job is police officers. Police Officer are assigned to an celestial orbit to enforce laws, charm traffic, control crowds, prevent crime , and arrest violators. They fall under the Protective Service cluster.I have chosen this career because I always precious to know more virtually it. I expect to learn how many hours they work a day and how many years of college do you need to incur a police.What they DoMy job will provide public safety by maintaining order by responding to emergencies call, protecting people and property and promoting a frank community relations. My duty will be to monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious person and situation. My responsibilities are to identify, persue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal act.Education and Common College MajorsTo become a police officer you at least need a associate degree or go train in a vocational school. Your majors in college will have to be Criminal Justice/Police Science . It focuses on the duties of police officers and public security officers on how they control crime, and on investigating activities.Wages and OutlookIts Average annual wage in California was $78,700 with most people making between $51,550 and $110,550. In 2008 this occupation employed about 72,200 people in California. Its prediction in 2018 that there will be 77,400 employed.Things they Need to KnowYou will have to knowledge its equipment , policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of the people.AlsoLaw and GovernmentPsychologyCustomer and Personal ServiceSimilar OccupationA alike(p) occupation is a sheriff. They patrol specific areas to detect law violators and make arrest. Patrol and guard courthouses, grand jury rooms, or are assigned to an area to provide security, enforce laws, and to maintain order.In AdditionI found out that there are going to have 520 openings for people who want to be a Po lice Officer and 1,870 of replacement so in total their will be 2,390 opening spots. I will tell them that this job is truly good and that people who work in this occupation generally prize achievements.ConclusionI learn that there are 72,200 police officers working in California and by the year 2018 their will be 77,400 police officers. Yes I do think this is a good career for me because I will be getting good money and I will like what Im doing. I will like to know their benefits just in crusade anything happens.

Principles of Marketing: Individual Assignment Essay

Healthc be Marketing What is Salient? was written by bloody shame J. Kay from School of Business, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA. The purpose of the interrogation is to develop a perspective on what is salient or critical to the discipline of wellness care marketing by analyzing and contrasting the consumer perspective with the nerveal perspective. Based on the research report, in a complex institutional environment there is an existence of health care marketing. The difference of healthcare system in organizational and business structure signifi green goddesstly necessitate some(prenominal) priorities.In healthcare system, marketing momentously affect it. Thus, marketing are master(prenominal) and can play a role in the healthcare system it provide the healthcare service and at the said(prenominal) time aiding the health information for consumer. The healthcare organizations usually will face many types of marketing puzzles due to organization and technology issues and changes of health problem. So, this research discussed to the highest degree the salient issues that are faced by healthcare marketing practitioner through contrasting it with consumer or patient perspective to the organizational perspective.From the consumer viewpoint, healthcare issues are important for them. The salient issues are framed in terms of cost and timber. The consumers are depending upon trusted experts to evaluate the quality of the health services. The consumers need the quality of health services since they do not have any k straightwayledge regarding the quality of health services. In their health decision, they are reluctant to accept lower quality of health services. Thus, critical or life-sustaining care should never be perceived by healthcare organizations because if they do, it will put a risk to organizations reputation.For many critical treatment choices, consumer or patient always confront a lack of accessible of information to decide which brings the most benefits for them. In addition, there are many advanced technology that made smart choices in testing that contribute to further decision dilemma. Also, choice is increasingly labored by increasing in health insurance plans or national health programs. Thus, consumers need assistance to understand the critical components of medical care and regarding their decision. The set of the healthcare services is usually frustrating from the consumer perspective.High billings are especially troubling to the consumer or patients. Without a doubt, the quality, cost, and effectiveness of healthcare systems are complex unified matters that are difficult to understand. From the healthcare organization viewpoint which also involves doctors and staff, they are the ones who work harder to provide quality service, armed with medical knowledge and faced ever-changing medical procedures. Quality is the main healthcare organizational priority but priority can be manifeste d differently in different healthcare organizations.The problems in fulfilling the demand of quality are difficult. There is some way that improving healthcare quality which is the doctor can be guided by heavy scientific practices which can be called as evidence-based medicine. But, there is a problem regarding this because of complexity of medical knowledge. Another way to improve the quality of healthcare services is by scientifically weighs the efficacy of differing treatment regimes. Through the system, the doctors are compulsory to utilize scientific databases that provide accurate information as to which treatments are working or not.Next, the quality priority shift due to technology advance. By advancing technology, the health priorities change as the root causes of health problems and new health threats come to light. Marketing for healthcare organizations is only managing the perception of quality by responding to customer cheer concerns. But, organizations also need to optimize real health outcomes. The quality of healthcare organizations needs to be understood in the scope of rising costs and changing treatment regimes. There are many issues colligate to medical industrial complex or can be describe as medical system.Firstly, issues according to positioning and resistance to change. Affordable care is now the marketing buzzword used to justify any new ways in healthcare. This affordable care is proposed by the government or politician. As the players in the medical system increased, its hard to change. The importance of strategies to develop a political consensus among the fragmented players in the healthcare system is apparent. As institutional processes and bureaucratic procedures dumbfound entrenched, healthcare systems are even much difficult to change.As a consequence, healthcare marketing, especially the type that would usefully improve health outcomes has become complicated by systemic problems due to the structure of the healthcare sys tem. Next issues are about systemic problems. The systemic problems of healthcare can be examining through spending figure. Healthcare costs are higher due to the wage requirement. As an example in United State, the doctors are paid much more than their counterparts in other countries. Medical test and procedures are employed more frequently.USA is the major profit centre for pharmaceutical companies, who are able to outlay their products higher due to any lack of price controls. As medical costs are shifted to hospitals, the effect is to raise costs to other services as the burden is shifted to paying customers. As the cost is rising, it leads to many effects. The effects are health insurers and health management groups do not necessarily improve the boilers suit the efficiency of the healthcare system. Market solutions are not apparent when it comes to healthcare.Thus, there is a dilemma in health reform. In the prospects for healthcare marketing, it has certain important contri bution. There are two broad healthcare marketing problems which are relevant that would stand a chance of improving healthcare. The first is the important problem of consumer access to information that would improve patient healthcare decision-making. The second is the problem of the organizational diffusion of information which providing better access to evidence-based medicine to improve healthcare practice.Better publicizing treatment information and setting standards could improve healthcare and the role of marketing to positively affect health outcomes through promoting sentience of ailment prevention measures is highly important. Some changing also may lead to the cost and organizational problems. Target marketing, specialization and fragmentation are important in maximizing health outcomes. The discipline of marketing provides tools and techniques for companies to profitably target consumer segments.Certain healthcare organizations have been able to profitably and effective ly maximize the quality of outcomes for grouchy patient groups and in the process, have become increasingly specialized. However, as the healthcare system grows fragmented and specialized, issues of both cost and quality have been raised. Through DTC announce and new marketing concerns, the educational quality of DTC can motivate discussions that enhance visit efficiency, patient/physician trust, patient satisfaction, or health outcomes.They found that while consumer attitudes are largely neutral, physician are usually negative, being distrustful of pharmaceutical promotions. There is new challenge in healthcare marketing. But, there are also ways to facing it. Public awareness of marketing campaigns can have an important impact. Given the behavioural aspects of many health problems, however, promotions alone can have limited effectiveness. Persuading people to change behaviours is a much more difficult problem than informing them about risks.Moreover, funding for better health a wareness needs to be reconsidered as a public spending priority. Consumers (and their employers or insurers) make healthcare decisions within quasi-market system, and better access to salient healthcare information is clearly needed. Organizations clearly need to critically review treatment delivery systems to avoid mistakes and improve quality. Both consumers and healthcare organizations would benefit from more transparent systems to wear healthcare decisions.The marketing challenge in healthcare is to develop and sustain better healthcare relationships for consumers. In my opinion, the marketing in healthcare systems is very significant due to its important role in providing the healthcare service also aiding the health information for consumer. In addition, healthcare organizations usually will face many types of marketing issues and problems as organizations, technologies health problem keep shifting and changing. The healthcare industry should engage in new thinking in underst anding about their customers.They should find inspiration from other industries by scrutinizing the competition, health reform, consumer demands or the way they get to know their customers, moving beyond basic transactions and embracing their patients. some(prenominal) service industries outside of healthcare are helping shape healthcare consumer experiences and expectations. Todays technologically savvy consumers prefer to do their own research when selecting a doctor, investigating treatment options, and making major health care decisions. Targeted marketing also enables organizations to tailor communications to each stage of the member relationship.By identifying customer needs and be more prepared for the challenges and focused on raising the benefits of the healthcare services would markedly result in customer satisfaction and loyalty. Such situation can be illustrated by the recent big news when famous actress Angelina Jolie announced in a New York Times op-ed word on Tuesda y 14 May 2013 that she underwent a preventive double mastectomy after learning that she carries a mutation of the BRCA1 gene, which sharply increases her risk of developing breast crab louse and ovarian cancer. She signifies the empowered patient by deciding to be proactive in her health decision making

NFC technology Essay

The NFC Forum has identified three basic use cases for NFC connection, access, and transactions. All three have application in transport. Publictransport requires infrastructure for NFC Ticketing + NFC stipend Transportation Uses Pay Parking fee Purchasing fuels Links to an up-to-date weather report website Location-relevant map Special discounted travel offers Next bus/ guide arrival time Taxi services Emergency callsEase of use This criterion refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular schema would be free of effort Cost It regroups direct costs (e.g. cost of the technology, cost of implementation) and indirect costs (e.g. infrastructure operation and maintenance). Reliability The purchase wreak should be flawless as it involves a financial transaction. User/Market Acceptance This criterion represent the degree to which the user and the different stakeholders are already consenting to accept a technology for payments. Security Implicit security fe atures (e.g. embedded encryption) and ease of securing the technology. Flexibility Degree to which the technology can be adapted in many different applications. Maturity Development state of the technology. Speed Implicit speed of the technology for payments. Scalability Ability to grow. Usability in small and large environment. upcoming Bluetooth 4.0 low energy protocol will be consuming even lower power than NFC as of now. NFC alone does not ensure secure communication theory is vulnerable to data modifications.Advantages over Bluetooth Almost instant connection (around 1/10 seconds) in comparison to pairing procedure of Bluetooth. Low power outlay and could work (alternatively) even when one of the device is powerless . NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID (13.56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-3) infrastructures. Shorter range makes it suitable for crowded area with high interferences.

Associate Degree in Nursing Essay

Health tutorship systems and the way safe, quality health c ar is delivered are continually changing to give way serve patients and communities. Professional nursing practice is a turgid component in the health wangle system today. Back in the 1960s, professional nursing leaders seek to adopt the bachelor degree programs as the only trainingal track to become a registered declare (Creasia & Friberg, 2011). Due to nursing shortages and demands this motive did not h former(a) fast. Individuals entering the nursing profession today moldiness first decide which educational pathway to transfer to become a Registered Nurse (RN).Although there are studies that suggest mode judge with a higher level of education have better oerall outcomes, there solace exist different educational pathways one smoke take to become a registered nurse. The two close to popular educational programs today are the Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and the Bachelor of scholarship in Nursing (BSN). Both programs prepare students to sit for the states NCLEX exam and obtain a registered nurse license. Each educational pathway poses different advantages and disadvantages.The associate level degree can be obtained in two to three years and offered through community colleges and technical schools. Because the length of the program is shorter than the BSN program, this can be viewed as an advantage, saving both condemnation and money. ADN nurses are typically educated to be unmediated care providers, usually employed by hospitals and long term care facilities. The course of study includes oecumenic education and clinical nursing classes (Creasia & Friberg, 2011). Technical skills are emphasized in the ADN programs, leaving little time for critical thinking skills.According to the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN), ADN nurses are better suited to become at the bedside in less complicated plans of care (Baccalaureate Degree, 2000). The associate degree nurse does posses s trustworthy technical skills. The bachelor level degree can be obtained in four years by attending a college or university. Obviously, the BSN program leave behind take more time and money over the ADN program. Although most colleges and universities offer traditional four year nursing programs, some offer accelerated programs.It will usually cost the same, however you are able to enter the nursing profession sooner. Unlike the ADN program, the BSN nurse is better prepared to practice in all health care settings critical care, outpatient, public health, and psychic health (Baccalaureate Degree, 2000, para. 8). In addition to the content taught in ADN programs, the humanistic BSN education encompasses more of the physical and friendly sciences (Impact of Education, 2011). The BSN nurse is better prepared to work more independently, therefore is well qualified to practice in healthcare systems outside of the hospital.Bachelor programs prepare professional nurse generalists for acute care settings, community-based practice, and beginning leaders /management positions (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 32). This course of study is crucial to the delivery of good, safe, quality patient care. There have been some(prenominal) research studies completed to see if there is a correlation between higher RN education level and better patient outcomes. Several studies concluded there is decrease in mortality rates within hospitals that employee a bulkyer percentage of bachelor prepared nurses (Creating a More, 2011).There are some(prenominal) patient care situations within hospitals in which a BSN nurse would be better qualified to acquire and manage a patients plan of care. Suppose a 28 year old American Indian female was admitted for preterm labor at 32 works gestation with a taradiddle of non-compliant diabetes since age 15. Both the ADN and BSN nurse could clinically perform a thorough assessment of the patient, monitor foetal condition and uterine activity, an d administer medications.This patient needs more than just acute clinical care she needs education and resources on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle for her and for the child she will soon be raising. A BSN practitioner has extensive training in cultural, social, and economic areas and would be a some(prenominal) better provider of care than the ADN nurse. Both ADN and BSN nurses will usually start at the same pay in the hospital or long term care facility, the ADN nurse will be limit to career advancements and opportunities.Charge nurse positions may be available in some organizations however either position of higher level will almost always fill an advanced education. Years of look will sometimes be of relevance for a higher level position, but ultimately, these positions go to individuals who concur a bachelors and/or masters degree. As healthcare settings and delivery of care change, more nursing positions require the Bachelors of Science degree to be hired (Baccalaur eate Degree, 2000). Overall, studies and research have proven the BSN nurse to be better prepared professionally for the ever changing healthcare systems of our world today and tomorrow.There have been great strides by nursing leaders and organizations around the nation to increase the number of bachelor degree nurses from 50% to 80% by the year 2020 (Employment of New Nurse, 2011). Even though deciding which educational pathway to take now is still up to the individual, research points to the BSN program. Choosing the BSN educational pathway over the ADN not only provides a broader spectrum of education to better serve patients and communities, but also opens many doors of opportunity for growth and advancement.

Notes- Shareholder Remedies

Pages 552-565 Compulsory Liquidation Remedies 1. Introduction * Deficiency of current law (1) patronage introduction of statutory derivative action, formulation is unclear and scope is uncertain (2) focus on mavin act/ proceeding rather than all in all picture/pattern/ full stop (3) remedies atomic number 18 directed to particular transaction and confined to restraint of conduct, Recovery of dimension or rolling of financial compensation * statutory remedies fall into 2 categories a.Compulsory liquidation remedies courts can order tress up of conjunction if court is of tactile sensation that it is reasonable and fair that connection be injury up s461(k) directors acted in affairs of federation in sustain involution, not interest of members a whole, or any other carriage that appears to be unfair/un fair(a) to other members s461(e) affairs of society be being conducted in manner that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or unfairly discriminatory against a member or in manner that is contrary to interests of members as a whole s461(f) act/omission or advised act/omission by or on behalf of go with or a colony or proposed resolution of a row or members of the federation was or would be oppressed or unfairly prejudicial to, unfairly discriminated against a member(s) or was or would be contrary to interest of members as a whole s461(g) b. emedies for oppression or injustice Pt2F. 1 wider range of remedies to oppressed/injustice refer to wk 11 last page 2. The just and equitable ground a. History and broad scope of the fix * just and equitable that company be wound up s461(k) traced back to English Act of 1848 * History p 553-555 b. Re Tivoli Freehold Ltd 1972 VICSC cave ining just and equitable rules to pervert up co (i) just and equitable give court a wide fragility which must be exercised judicially (Baird vHenry Lees 1924) question of fact all quite a little to be considered (ii) facts rendering it just and equitable to be w ound up more than one category whitethorn be utilize in relief determine best fit iii) regard to changing circumstances and developments in congener to company practices including relevant changes in law (iv) just and equitable to be wound up if it engages in acts which are entirely show upside what can be fairly regarded as having been within the general plan and common understanding of member when they start out members (v) wound up due to failure (Galbraith v Meito transport CO 1947) failure not evidence by discontinuance of melodic line activities- even if for a prolonged time. TEST of failure melodic phrase w/in objects of incorporation should have become at least(prenominal) in the practical sense impossible (vi) prime source for ascertaining intention and common understanding of members i the companys memorandum of association which among other things states its object HELD equitable and just to be wound up. c.Ebrahimi v Westbourne Galleries Ltd 1973 * FACTS Def via general meeting right to voted to remove pl from office as director. Pl petitioned to wrench up co on just and equitable grounds. * LAW Where acts show a dissolution of partnership between them, a wind up may be ordered, use of just and equitable in partnership act supports this * Rights of members governed by articles of association and have contractual force- court can dispense parties from obligation where they have been excluded from management * exclusion prove that exclusion was not made bona fide in the interest of the company * Elements for just and equitable wind up i. ssociation formed or continued on basis of personal r/ship involving uncouth confidence (usually found where pre-existing partnership in turned into a limited company ii. an agreement, or understanding, that all or some(a) of the shareholders shall participate in the conduct of the business iii. Restrictions upon the transfer of members interest in the company so that if confidence is lost one membe r is removed from management, he cannot take out his stake and go elsewhere HELD wind up exclusion of pl was not for best interest of company as whole Application of quasi-partnership analogy in AUSTRALIA * 3 mathematical groups of decisions indicate scope of the clause for fealty legal rights to equitable considerations arising from understanding b/wn corporators 1. A.Re Caratti Holdings Ltd constitution gave its governing director power to acquire shares of other members at nominal value which they were originally issued power against a particular shareholder, although formally valid is adapted grounds to apply order for wind up under the clause B. Kokotovich Constructions pty ltd v Wallington winding up order made at the suit of a minority shareholder whose small shareholding was granted on formation of company, under sole proprietor, in recognition of moral partnership founded upon a pre-existing familiar(p) business relationship- winding up justified by continuing animosit y between parties and risk of push oppression and limited nature of the companys activities 2.City Meat CO pty Ltd all company members where members of a single family whod acquired shares via inheritance court held that majority shareholder consistently ignored the rights, expectations and obligations of petitioners branch of family- wind up 3. Re Dalkeith Investments Ltd shares in co divided equally b/wn former spouses and their daughter company was a partnership in corporate form= wind up 3. Directors acting in their knowledge interest * s461(e) permits making of winding up order where directors have acted in affairs of company in their own interest rather than interest of company as a whole, or in a way that was unfair or unjust to other members * OBJ TEST whether directors have acted in own interest etc.or otherwise unfairly/unjustly * 461(e) compliments 461(f) and (g) a. Re Cumberlands Holding Ltd 1976 1. directors not limit to whole board act unanimously, ONLY met where sh own that the effective majority has acted in its own interest or in the interest of one or more of those board members or even where on directors by some means caused his pull up stakes to be carried into effect by board with result of personal interest being preferred 2. directors same application in (e) 3. affairs of the company wide interpretation, not limited to business/trade but encompass capital structure, dividend policy, voting rights, consideration of takeover offers 4. own interest acted in interest of another company of which they are also directors/shareholders 5. interest of members as a hole debate over interests of majority and minority directors preferred interest over that of probative section of members not apply preferred interest over one or more or perhaps some significant section of the members applies 6. appears doesnt carry much weight 7. unjust or unfair discussed elsewhere b. Re Weedmans Ltd 1974 * The directors, other than the unconditionals, failed to observe the requisite standard of commercial morality * Effect of failure reacted unfairly and unjustly against other members * They could have had the allotment set aside, but didnt ask for that feature so in absence of a case for relief under Pt2F. 1 on that point is no other remedy before the justice other than to wind up. Pages 122-130 Insolvency * Winding up * Voluntary electric pig * Receivership * Creditors intrigue or order (loan default) 1. Voluntary administration * Pt5. A provides an inexpensive procedure capable of being utilise swiftly and flexibly and offering alternative options for creditors for dealing with financially trouble company * Outcomes available a. co will resume operation w/ deferred/reduced debt burden under human activity of company arrangement approved by creditors b. secured creditor will exercise right to appoint receiver to obtain repayment of its debts by disposal of company assets and who will effectively displace the administrator while do ing so c. Creditors will vote to put company into liquidation * Voluntary administration is usually initiated by company itself where directors resolve that a. In their opinion the company is insolvent or likely to become insolvent at some forthcoming time AND b. nd administrator of the company should be appointed s435A * While under administration, administrator has crack of companys property and business s437A * Powers of other corporate officer (i. e. directors) are suspended and may not be exercised except by written approval of administrator s437C(1) * Company officers are not removed from their offices by appointment of administrator s437C(2) * Administrator must be a registered liquidator who is independent of that company ss448B 448C * C company is solvent ONLY IF able to pay all its debts as and when they become due and payable s95A(1) * Otherwise it is insolvent s95A(2)- test . . ook at cash flow not rest b/wn assets and liabilities * If director of company in financial difficulties allows it to continue to trade and incur debts while insolvent, they may be personally liable for losses sustained by creditors ss588G s588FA * Voluntary administration offers directors safe contain from approaching insolvent trading liability but with loss of control of company affairs, property and operations to administrator s437A-D * Administrator may be appointed by company s436B or by secured creditor who is entitle to enforce a attention over whole or substantially the whole of the companys property s436C * Administrator to notify secured creditor of their appointment as soon as practical the next business day s2405A(3) * w/in 13 business days of administrators appointment, a substantial charge may enforce its charge, usually by appointment of receiver or other agent s441A * if substantial charge opts to enforce charge by virtue of higher power than administrator may supplant the administration s442D(1) * IF the substantial charge must enforce charge in relat ion to all property of company subject of it and does not have the option of appointing receiver to some small part hardly of the companys property, if they wish to over override power of administrator s441A(1)(b) all or nothing (Harmer report) * If no substantial chargee or opt not to enfore charge, there is a general moratorium upon action/ proceedings against company and its property by creditors and owners or lessors of property used by company ss440A-D and F * Moratorium provides a period for investigation and collective assessment of option w/out scramble for individual recover.. expectation for proceedings to commence before the administrations commencement or in espect of perishable property ss441F-Gs * During admin there us a stay of enforcement of guarantees given by directors or their relative of a libality of their company without the circulate of the court s440J * As soon as practice adminor must investigate the companys business, property and financial circumstances s438A * w/in 5 business days appoint commissioning of creditors to consult with s436E&F * at this first meeting, creditors may also replace the administrator with person of own choosing s436E(4) * w/in 21 days of appointment, adminor must convene meeting to decide future of company s439A (28days for Christmas and Easter periods) * with the notice ofthe meeting, adminore muyst report to the creditors about companys business, property and financial circumstances s439(4)(a) * at the meeting creditors may resolve company execute turn of company arrangement stipulate in resolution, administration should end and company return to control of its directors company be wound up s439C * adminor report must include statement of opinion and if deed of company arrangement is propose must include report * resolution is passed at meeting of creditors it is decided on the voice unless need a poll reg5. 6. 9 * deed of company arrangement might treat groups of creditors differently from order of ap plication of assets under winding up, likely to prompt an application for its termination by court s445D * deed of company arrangement must preserve the priority available to employee creditors in a winding up unless employees agree to waive their priority court may approve alteration of priorities if deed ensures same/ break out outcome for employee creditors result than from a wind up 444DA * if creditor accept deed then adminor draws up deed for execution by co and deed adminor within 21 days of resolution s444A-444B * self-imposed admin end once company become subject to deed of company arrangements s435C(1)(b), (2)(a) * creditors right to bounty and unaffected where debt is released by acceptance of terms of deed of co arrangement s444H * deed binds all unsecured and secured creditor, owners, lessors of prop used by co who voted for deed, the company, its officers, shareholders s444D, G * court may order that secured creditors etc who voted against the deed are nonetheless bound by it wgere enforcement of their rights would have material adverse effect on achievement of deeds purpose and their interest will be adequately protected s444D(2), (3) 444F * court may take for deed void or validate it despite contravention Pt5. 3A, s445G * Pt 6D. 2 obliged disclosure obligations do not apply to equity for debt swap * Adminors statement must indicate statement is not a horizonus . . contain less info than prospectus s708(17A) * Court may alter times, the way in which deed operated in relation to a particular co s447A(1) where comestible are being abused the company is solvent s447A(2) * Order wind up power to wangle co under administrator or under deed of co administration s447E Receivership * Securities given by companies to lenders commonly grant the lender right when a defined act of default occurs to appoint a person to take possession and control either of a particular asset or group or assets or whole property. * Court may appoint receiver to prot ect particular property or funds of the company under s1323(1)(h) * controller refers to a receiver, receiver and manager, mortagagee in possession or its agent s9 * Where receiver is appointed by court, directors powers over property are suspended and revive only upon termination of receivership Winding up a. Appointing of liquidator and its consequence winding up process leads to liquidation of co and termination of registration and existence made by court order or voluntary s491(1) by members voluntary wind up= unavailable where insolvent requirement of resolution at separate meetings of members and creditors s491 497 creditors will appoint the liquidator and control the liquidators conduct if 2nd meeting under voluntary admin and resolve to wind up.. moves to creditors voluntary winding up procedure s446A * Etc p 128 b. Order of application of company assets p128 after the liquidator has realised the assets of the company, the funds are applied to discharing the claims of c reditors rule all debt and claims in winding up rank equally and if the property of the company is nsufficient to meet them in full, the must be paying proportionally s555 * Priority of debt and repayments where property available for repayment of creditors is insufficient for certain unsecured loans s561 * Unsecured claims are given priority in that they must be paid sequentially s556, 558 (i. e. liquidation expenses, wages, superannuation etc. * W/in each debt of each class all debts are equal rule applies s559 c. regain property and compensation for eudaemonia of creditors p129 * Pt 5. 7B structure for recovery of property or compensation for benefit of credit of an insolvent company complemented by Pt5. 8A in relation to agreements/transaction to avoid payment of employee entitlement * Pt5. B s588FE avoidable transactions where entered into w/in specific time of winding up * S88FF if voidable transaction liquidator must seek court order concerning those transactions and or ders releasing the company from debt and orders varying the terms of agreement or declaring them void/unenforceable * p129 d. Schemes of arrangement used by company facing the prospect of insolvency to restructure its debts, typically through compromise of creditors claim// initiated by court order that meeting of creditors be convened for approval of explanatory statement to be sent with notice of meeting s411, 412 * Compromise must be approved by court after application to it s411(4)

Agriculture and Development

Agriculture is in many parts of the world is the main source of food and income of households. The intent that husbandry plays in development has been debated during the at long last decades and the views about it are very diverse. Today, many authors consider factory farm as an essential factor for development and an important instrument for poverty alleviation. In my opinion inlet to land and water is an indispensable condition to ensure the livelihood of the poor.The current market conditions and the scotch relaxation behavior process make it difficult for small farmers to compete with the international sphere, which led many commonwealth to print out of floriculture. Also, the market-driven thriftiness has serious environmental consequences, which leads to the investment in the research of more than sustainable agriculture methods. In this essay, we provide a situational analysis of agriculture in the third world, which warrants our interest in the same. 1. contrasti ve views about Agriculture and Development.For some authors agriculture is a provider of raw material for the rest of the economic sectors and it is learnn as a mere contributor to fuel economic development. This simplistic vision contrast with that of those who see agriculture as an essential instrument for industrialization, allowing the transfer of capital to urban areas, stimulating the market and, thus, resulting in economic development. According to Norton (2004), most of economic theories of the last 50 years support industrialization as the basis of economic development.Many governments supporting this theory saw liberalization of agricultural goods as the key for economic growth, without taking into account the effect of dependency that the new system would create. 2. The effects of the market on agrestic agriculture. The case of Kenya, The global economy and liberalization has deep effects on agriculture, and especially on the economy of smallholders farmers in the Thir d World. New market arrangements have brought opportunities for some farmers, but also had veto impact on others, who cannot compete with the low prices established by a liberalized trade.An example of this is the case of Kenya, which as many countries in Africa, suffered from a strong economic crisis during the 80s. The new international terms of trade and the annex of the world interest rates, together with internal causes (such as one of the worst drought periods of its history and governmental mismanagement) led to disastrous consequences on its agriculture. International market arrangements greatly influence the boorish poor livelihoods as it establishes the rules that may not allow them to play in the market.These rules are designed to benefit exclusively jumbo commercial farmers, instead of rural smallholders farmers who have experienced a reduction in their incomes. Food prices are intimately connected to the world market in areas where the poor live. 3. Agriculture res earch for development. Smallholder farmers adduce food, which allow be consumed by the poor, so rural agriculture, is a key for the livelihoods of the majority of the worlds poorest people (Kydd, 2002).Therefore, agriculture is a central question of development and it needs the adoption of convenient technologies for the different rural populations needs. The idea is that smallholder farmers will be able to increase their capacities to improve their living archetype through their own efforts. Thus, rather than addressing the symptoms should be better to address the causes of poverty through the application of more appropriate agriculture methods to rural farmers. The commercialization of agriculture has also led to a set of agriculture practices completely different from those of the last century.These changes are basically imposed by the new market demands and by the producers attempts to answer it. The new agricultural patterns involved a change in the research methods carried out by private organizations searching for more efficient production practices. In this context, advances in biotechnology in the last decades have focused on profitable markets, especially orientated to large commercial agriculture. According to Norton, (2004), irrigation simply cannot be the only basis to supply food to an increasing world population.Important advances have been made in GMO as a new alternative to food production in order to feed approaching generations. Participatory technology development, where the farmers acquire the control and play a crucial role on agricultural development. Like in the years before industrialization, small farmers have again in his detention the tools for technological change in agriculture, although this new participatory process is still in its development stage. 4. sex considerations.Due to the essential role that women are playing today on the economy of the household in exploitation countries, agriculture development research canno t ignore gender issues when designing new programs. Women in many countries produce a large part of the food crops of the households and they are essential for the familys food security (IFAD, 2001). . References. Bibliography. Duncan, A. & Howell, J. (1992). structural Adjustment and the African Farmer. London and Portsmouth ODI, James Currey Ltd. & Heinemann Educational Books, Inc. o Search Top of Form

Is Organic Food Good for You Essay

What is organic fertiliser sustenance? (1) Organic food is food which has been dumbfoundd to standards designed to keep the performance more than natural. Fewer, if whatsoever(prenominal), chemicals argon used and most pesticides be banned when they be used they are very carefully controlled.(2)Organic food costs more then non-Organic food. This is non always the case yet on average organic evokeers generally charge more for their produce because oMany organic farming practices light upon a bit longer and produce lower yields oIt is more labor intensive than conventional floriculture oFields realize to be taken start of food production while they go through common chord years of organic conversion or for fertility building.Here you volition find out if organic food is heartfelt for you or not, thither will be the science behind it, advantages, and disadvantages evidence and a conclusion. The science behind it In the rush to produce more and more crops to satisfy growing have producers have had to resort to using a lethal cocktail of pesticides to control disease and insect attack.Good discussion for their bank balances perhaps but not good news for your health, this is why you need to be apprised of the advantages of organic food. Did you know that if you consumed an average apple you would be eating over 30 pesticides, even later you have washed it? Organic food is kn aver to contain 50% more nutrients, minerals and vitamins than produce that has been intensively farmed. You will have to eat more fruit nowadays to make up the deficiency, but unfortunately that means eating more chemicals, more detrimental affects on your health eating something that should be good for youSome more startling facts now. Pesticides in food have been linked to many diseases including ? Cancer ? corpulency ?Alzheimers ?some birth defects at that place are probably others but if you think about it, how finish it be okay for you to eat chemicals and not e xpect some form of reaction in your body. Our bodies are delicwonderful machines. Any form of foreign chemical is bound to cause irritation at the least. (3)Some organic foods, including fruit, vegetables and milk, may be more nutritious than non-organic produce, according to an investigation by British scientists.Early results from a ? 12m mull over showed that organic fruit and vegetables contained up to 40% more antioxidants than non-organic varieties, according to Professor Carlo Leifert at Newcastle University, who leads the EU-funded Quality subaltern Input fodder project. Larger differences were found in milk, with organic varieties containing more than 60% more antioxidants and healthful fatty acids, he said. Antioxidant-rich food is often promoted as healthier because in lab tests the compounds neutralize bare(a) radicals that are thought to contribute to ageing.(4) Ben Gold acre says the Soil Associations criticism of the recent Food Standards Agency research on nutr ients is not about organic food and that the emotive commentary in favor of organic farming bundles together diverse and legitimate concerns about unchecked capitalism in our food supply, In fact, our argument with the FSA research is about whether it gives a fair and accurate reckon of organic food. Gold acre. First, he said we were trying to change the argument by saying that the chief(prenominal) issue with organic food is not personal health benefits, but rather benefit to the milieu.More farmland wildlife, high animal welfare and lower pollution were not mentioned in our own initial response, but were put forward strongly by the judicature when the FSA launched its report, and we repeated it as the governments view, with which I agree. Second he argued that absence of pesticides, no routine use of antibiotics on farm animals and far fewer additives allowed in organic food all deliver health benefits. Goldacre says that as these cannot be measured by the FSA research, mentio ning them is gamesmanship.These are real benefits, confirmed by other research. The organic movement represents a spectrum of practices, attitudes, and philosophies. On the one hand are those organic practitioners who would not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides chthonic any circumstances. These producers hold rigidly to their purist philosophy. At the other end of the spectrum, organic farmers espouse a more flexible approach. While striving to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, these practitioners do not rule them out entirely.Instead, when absolutely necessary, some fertilizers and also herbicides are very selectively and sparingly used as a second line of defense. Nevertheless, these farmers, too, consider themselves to be organic farmers 6. For raising animals, antibiotics would not be permitted as offset stimulants but would be permitted to counter infections. The rules permit up to 20% of animal feed to be obtained from non-organic sources. This was through with(p) because some nutrients (such as trace minerals) are not always available organically.Irradiation, which can reduce or eliminate certain pests, kill disease-causing bacteria, and prolong food shelf-life, would be permitted during processing. Genetic engineering would also be permissible. More Nutritious? Organic foods are certainly not more nutritious The nutrient satiate of industrial plants is determined primarily by heredity. Mineral content may be affected by the mineral content of the soil, but this has no significance in the overall diet. If essential nutrients are missing from the soil, the plant will not grow.If plants grow, that means the essential nutrients are present. Experiments conducted for many years have found no difference in the nutrient content of organically enceinte crops and those grown under standard artless conditions. Safer? Many organic proponents suggest that their foods are safer because they have lower levels of pesticide residues. Ho wever, the pesticide levels in our food supply are not high. In some situations, pesticides even reduce health risks by preventing the growth of harmful organisms, including molds that produce toxic substances .To protect consumers, the FDA sets tolerance levels in foods and conducts frequent market basket studies wherein foods from regions throughout the United States are purchased and analyzed. Its 1997 tests found that about 60% of fruits and vegetables had no detectable pesticides and only about 1. 2% of domestic and 1. 6% of imported foods had violative levels 13. Its annual Total Diet Study has always found that Americas dietary intakes are well within international and Environmental Protection Agency standards.Most studies conducted since the primeval 1970s have found that the pesticide levels in foods designated organic were similar to those that were not. In 1997, Consumer Reports purchased about a potassium pounds of tomatoes, p for each onees, green bell peppers, and ap ples in five cities and tested them for more than 300 synthetic pesticides. Traces were detected in 77% of conventional foods and 25% of organically labelled foods, but only one sample of each exceeded the federal limit Pesticides can locate on the surface of foods as well as beneath the surface.The amount that washing can remove depends on their location, the amount and temperature of the rinse water, and whether detergent is used. Most volume rinse their fruits and vegetables with plain Tastier? Organically grown foods are not inherently tastier than conventionally grown foods. try out is influenced by freshness, which may depend on how far the products must be shipped from farmer to consumer. What kinds of locally grown fruits and vegetables are available varies from community to community. Whether they are organically or conventionally produced is unlikely to make any difference.In the early 1990s, Israeli researchers made 460 assessments of 9 different fruits and vegetables and no significant difference in quality between organic and conventionally grown samples. The Consumer Reports study found no consistent differences in appearance, flavour, or texture. Better for the Environment? Many buyers of organic foods believe that the extra money they pay will ultimately benefit the environment by encouraging more farmers to use organic methods. But doing this cannot have much effect because organic agriculture is too inefficient to meet the worlds food needs.Moreover, the dividing line between organic and conventional agriculture is not sharp because various practices are not restricted to one or the other. For example, organic farmers tend not to use pesticides, but faced with jeopardise loss of crops, they may change their mind. If certain patterns of pesticide use cause more harm than good and there is a way to remedy the situation, the people concerned about it can seek regulatory solutions. I dont believe that paying extra for food will benefit anybod y but those who dish out it.This research shows there are benefits, said Dr Kirsten Brandt of Newcastle University, which led the research. The reason why its such a grey area is because its extremely difficult to measure the health benefit in any food, but we can say that if you eat 400g of fruit and vegetables per day you would get 20 per cent more nutrients in organic food. Peter Melchett, policy director of the Soil Association, welcomed the new research. He said There is clear evidence that a range of organic foods contain more beneficial nutrients and vitamins and less of things cognize to have a detrimental health effect.

The Affects of Divorce on Youth

In Canada, it is estimated that four in ten sexual unions end in break up. Despite the til death do us part vow couples participate in at the metre of marriage, thither were 69,600 separations in Canada in 2004 (Statistics Canada, 2004). It has also been determined that every one in two dissevers involves minorren. Although thither nurse been many studies done which attempt to prove that churlren who experience parental come apartment do confine behavioral problems, fail to complete high school, and have emotional discrepancies, the outcomes of divorce on the over altogether outcome of a sister is non detrimental to his or her development.Those who take the stance that divorce is a determining factor through their assorted studies have not taken a proper interpreter sample of cases from children nor considered other determining factors which could also lead to a childs lack of well-being. Today a divorce is when a marriage is legally dissolved because the race is irre trievably broken. However, before the Divorce Act of 1968, divorces were increasingly difficult to obtain.In order to be grant one, the couple would have to meet at least one criteria of marital breakdown they would have to be living apart for a year or longer, one of the spouses has to have committed an act of adultery, or one spouse has treated the other in a cruel way. The average Canadian family features parents who deal with a plethora of stressors. One of the main reasons for marriage dissatisfaction, however, is money. This problem is prevalent when a family does not have enough income to meet its needs or wants. constrict to fulfill these desires will create an unhappy relationship between everybody involved. Regard slight, when parents separate, it crowd out create a all new inconvenience in the child which can outweigh that of any economical situation the family could be facing. While parents toying with the idea of divorce may think that by legally separating, they could be adventureing their childrens overall happiness by staying together they could be putting the child at greater lay on the line of mental and emotional problems.Children who are witness to their parents constant fighting and conflicts are at higher risk of long-term disoblige (Jekielek, 1998). Divorce where there is little parental conflict will actually do a child little harm than no divorce with high parental conflict. The symptoms of being in an environment where there is high parental conflict is very similar to those seen in children of divorce they can develop anxiety and aggression (Morrison and Corio, 1999), as well as behavioral problems in school such(prenominal) as anti well-disposed behavior and difficulty concentrating (Amato and Sobolewski, 2001).Socialization of children is essential during school years. Children who are affected negatively during this time by parental conflict or divorce can create problems for the future by making them socially withdrawn . Poor social skills and shyness can force children into complications which have the potentiality to for good damage their views and impact the formation of healthy relationships. There are three factors which account for much of the harm among children, and high parental conflict is the most determining factor.The second is a decline of living standards this is where the childs family has a low economic status and cannot fulfill the needs and basic wants of a child successfully. A childs family can reach poverty if the mother or father who is granted custody does not earn enough money to support the child, due to the loss of complimenting income from the noncustodial parent or the fact that they cannot get a job because they had sacrificed their education and employment opportunities in order to care for the child.The third gear factor is the absence seizure of the noncustodial parent. This is because the child loses a role-model who they look to for emotional and physical supp ort (Resnick et al. , 1997), an issue which the social learning theory commends. The time with the noncustodial parent will eventually decrease with time, whereas the childs relationship with his or her mother will increase (Amato and Booth, 1996).Whereas evidence in the past has supported findings that a child is well adapted, self confident and secure in who they are when they are raised in a two parent as opposed to single parent household, a child with divorced parents is utter to suffer both mentally and emotionally. There are two propositions, one of which suggests that children who grow up in households where the two biological parents are not present will exhibit lower levels of well-being, and the other says that the uncomely effects on youthful ell-being will be especially acute when the cause of parental absence is marital separation, divorce, or desertion. They often tend to develop behavioral problems and do less well in school than children of inviolate families (De mo, Fine, and Ganong, 2000). On top of that, they are more likely to engage in desperate behavior such as substance and alcohol abuse. These damaging effects have the potential to go away the child into adulthood.One study give tongue toed that almost half the children of divorced parents entered adulthood as worried, self-deprecating, and sometimes provoked young men and women (Wallerstein, Lewis, and Blakeslee, 2000). They also tend to be less happy than a child with intact parents, and increasingly likely to suffer from health problems, depend on welfare, earn low income, and experience divorce themselves. Problems with marriage are thought to be prevalent in cases where a childs parents have experienced divorce and can lead to an increase in divorces between them as well as an overall aversion to marriage (Anthony, 1974).Many of these adults continue to struggle with depression, anxiety, and overall feeling of dissatisfaction with their overall lives. These tribe will utili ze more mental health services than will those who grew up with both parents (Amato and Sobolewski, 2001). Compared to children whose parents did not separate, children with divorced parents are more likely to drop out of high school, less likely to mind college, and complete fewer years of education overall.Some believe that this is due to the emotional dislocation which is caused in households where parental conflict is high, resulting in a poor soul of self in the child. Poor sense of self also leads to other relationship troubles including infidelity, reoccurring divorces, and remarriages and in extreme cases spousal and domestic abuse. It has also been bring that those living in a single-parent household are associated with a greater risk of not terminate high school (Deleire and Kalil, 2002).In one study, it shows that the proportion of children graduating from high school is the highest for children with no change in their family structure and lowest for children with th ree or more changes in their family structure. Relative to children in households that reported no change in marital status, children who experienced any type of change in family structure were less likely to graduate from high school. The odds of completing high school for children whose parents experienced parental divorce only were 61 percent lower than for children whose parents remained together.However, despite evidence which proves that divorce does cause an emotional disturbance within children, some analysts disagree. Despite the link between divorce and long-term negative consequences, this evidence is ground on families who seek psychological counseling. These families are a small and unrepresentative minority of the population. Another disagreement in this theory is that some analysts fail to ask whether factors other than divorce might be amenable for the long-term distress experienced by children of divorced parents.A re-analysis of 93 relevant studies showed that t he overall effect of divorce on childrens well-being is not strong and is declining over time (Amato and Booth, 1991). Whereas some studies show a significant decrease of education completion, one study done across Canada, Australia, and the United States of the States shows that divorce is not an educational disaster. Rather, it says that children whose parents divorce get approximately seven-tenths of a year less education than children from intact families.A divorce is not the determining factor in long-term distress in children rather, it is a multitude of factors which complement each other in creating a child with various mental and emotional difficulties. Despite evidence supporting both sides of this argument, those who believe that studies which discredit the results which seem to support divorce as the major distress-causing agent of previous studies seem to be the most believable this is because there is simply so much more to a divorce than the act of separation in itsel f.Determinants such as parental conflict, economic status, and the upbringing of the child all play major roles in providing distress in a childs life. Although the argument of divorce causing some sort of tangled experiences in a child, which will last them into adulthood, is a strong one, one must remember all of the other agents which build up to a divorce when deciding whether or not a divorce is the sole detrimental attribute to a problematic childhood. ?

Management and leadership devt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management and leading devt - Essay ExampleCurrent paper focuses on the examination of the tuition of leaders, as a core element of juvenile validations. At the same time, reference is made to the changes in the styles of leadership, following the changes in market conditions and the organizational potentials worldwide. The relationship between management and leadership is also explored, aiming to assure the power of leader to control organizational operations. It is proved that leadership tends to change continuously however, the level of this butt on is not standardized. It is assumed that the potentials of leaders to act independently in each organization can vary, low the influence of the national organizational environment and the local market ethics. 2. Leadership description and development The characteristics and the spot of leadership in modern organizations are likely to be differentiated in accordance with the conditions of the internal and the external organizat ional environment. Up to a level, such differentiation is justified taking into consideration the situation that the needs of each organization are not identical. However, similarities exist, which allow for assumptions in regard to the performance of leadership in different organizational and market conditions. The understanding of the process of change as occurring in leadership styles requires the reference to the definition of the specific concept. The characteristics of leadership should be also analytically described in hallow to identify the potentials of the specific concept to be further developed. 2.1 Definition of leadership In accordance with avant-garde Velsor et al. (2010) the traditional definition of leadership as the establishment of shared goals that followers have to support, should be alternated in order to become more effective. It is suggested that leadership is considered as the process of producing direction, alignment and commitment (DAC) in collectives ( Van Velsor et al. 2010). 2.2 chief(prenominal) characteristics of leadership The leadership, as described above, is highly differentiated by management. Because both these concepts are related to modern business activities, their relationship should be further explained making sure that the role and the potentials of each one of them will be made clear. In accordance with Ryan (2007) the role of leader refers to the establishment of the organizations quite a little and mission. On the contrary, the handler has to develop the measures necessary for the realization of organizations vision and the achievement of organizations targets (as set by the leader). Furthermore, the leader is likely to create inspiration to the employees urging them to develop their skills (Stimson et al. 2009). The manager has to support employees in their efforts to improve their capabilities and knowledge but he is not expected to inspire the employees, mostly because his power in the organization is lim ited. Moreover, the leader establishes the organizational market-gardening the manager needs to act in accordance with the organizational culture and values having the power to choose among the policies used for the promotion of organizational culture through the firms daily activities (Derr et al. 2002). At the same time, the leader needs to promote innovation, ensuring that the scrap of his organization is kept at high levels (Lussier et al. 2009).

Health Families, Localities and Societies Essay

Health Families, Localities and Societies - Essay ExampleLocalities differ in living, economic and cultural standards that curb some individuals to truly adopt precise measures for maintaining their health. However, this is the part where instructs need to step in, because these be schools that may offer children with the better knowledge of health issues and the most relevant ways of addressing them (Finlay, Pearson & Ram, 2009).Beginning with the actual implementation of an environment that endorses better health, schools put forward introduce an offering of a nutritionally balanced diet through the cafeteria and mobile canteen foods. By having salad bars, whole-wheat products, fruits etc at cafeteria counters for students in place of sugary or fried contents can build the air of awareness to an extent. Students, especially children, are prone to learn more quickly when they are subjected to an environment that promotes that learning. In these ways, schools can provide child ren with practical experience in nutrition skills widely regarded as essential for healthy living (Finlay, Pearson & Ram, 2009).Considering the example of Kate from chapter five who experienced a change in her modus vivendi and her behavior as her school introduced better food for meals. The facilities and services that Kates school offered her resulted in the melioration of her health and life. Offering a balanced diet to students as in the case of Kates school can progressively enhance the students health (Finlay, Pearson & Ram, 2009).Additional efforts from schools are required in the form of fitness awareness. The past years in British schools have been marked with the growing health awareness and the implementation of a great variety of sports options than in the past (Finlay, Pearson & Ram, 2009). Sports facilities have not scarcely proven to be a great way of enhancing individual health and fitness, it has also been of a greater attraction

The Representation of Masculinity in One of the Die Hard Films Essay

The Representation of Masculinity in One of the turn over straining Films - Essay ExampleThus, it has im turn up to be the mainstream Hollywood action films. Due to the action and firing of its films, Bruce Willies has become a popular film star in action epics. This paper will center on the masculinity of those ways of the representation of McClane, the persona in the break unwaveringly films also this character, In particular, it would discuss using one of Die Hard series, Die Hard 2 Die Harder. In this film, the symbol of masculinity is the build of body. Bruce Willies as McClane has an athletic build. Compared with the first base series of Die Hard, Die Hard 2 does not show a lot of his bodily physical beauty. There is some divergent approach for presenting the masculinity. Furthermore, his speaking style is marginal at best as a gentleman. It could be proved his manhood. The action films commonly present how the masculinity has been emphasized and displayed. Of course, Wowork force do not get a clear shake in action movies, but it could be seen the shift of the femininity to focus on the men in this film. Therefore, the masculinity does not mean the power of men, it is implied the womens Mise en scene Die Hard is an action movie full of a thrilling scene full of spectacular scenes produced with the latest ocular special effects. It deals with a spectacle uses of technologies. For instance, it is used enormous scenes of the bombshell and the gun shooting. The camera effects in different scenes are extremely well run throughn for example the use of different lights to elongate and emphasize on certain scenes. The movie has also been digitized in nature. Disney was the first company to produce such a digital movie in the shape of Rescuers Down Under and the first digital matte painting for Die Hard 2 was done by ILM. In the scene where Willis is spewed out of the cockpit of the plane, the film contains an excessive sum of money of Blue Screen Com posting as well. Die Hard is the story of a very tough and mannish cop who lives in New York and goes by the name of John McClane. He goes to Los Angeles to visit his wife for the first time in order to convince her to get bet on to New York and live with him. He visits her mogul with a view to bringing her back where she is having a Christmas party with her friends but he soon sees that criminals take over that very building pretending to be political terrorists. The focus of the movie now shifts from McClane difficult to win his wife back to having a mission to defeat all the terrorists and save his wife. The terrorists threaten to kill all the people who were inside the building in order to procure the bonds which were stored in the vault of the company. Willis however, takes on a number of actions in order to outwit them all, show his true masculinity and kill the loss leader of the gang of criminals as well as the rest of them, while at the same time, winning his wife ba ck. (Grant, Barry Keith.) The main character in the movie physically overpowers and overshadows the criminals through his extreme strength and force. This is a outstanding movie which shows the charisma which the male protagonist possesses having struggled in the earlier part of life. The movie in a way redeems the order of the lead character and the turn of events in which he shows machismo enables him to win his wife back as well.

Identify a corporate situation that could disturb you as a manager Essay

Identify a corporate situation that could disturb you as a manager. Evaluate the situation and use marketing research methodolo - Essay ExampleIt also stages every quarter fashion shows to showcase their fresh styles of childrens clothes. The company explored internet and social media advertizement to boost their gross sales and indeed, sales increased more than 100% in just one year. The report shows evidence that advertising through Google ads, Facebook, Twitter and other internet websites can be very effective marketing strategies to foregather more profits for a small business such as Twinkles Childrens gear mechanism. ... This development provides lots hope for small and medium enterprises to widen their exposure and reach a bigger market. Twinkles Childrens Gear is a small enterprise that sells customized clothes for aged children (7-12 years). Established in 2010, it is a relatively saucily company that has thrived on traditional marketing to sell their products. They sta ge fashion shows in hotels to show their new line of clothes on a quarterly basis and spread abroad these shows in local newspapers, posters and distributing leaflets in local shops, fast food outlets, schools, clinics and establishments catering to children and their parents. The manager of the business found the advertising strategies too cartridge clip consuming and inconvenient and even encountered difficulty in securing permits for signage. Hence, they were ambivalent in posting signs everywhere to advertise their business. At the same time, expenses in staging fashion shows were getting higher. This pushed them to explore internet advertising to addition their present marketing strategies. Traditional advertising methods brought them more business as it was able to stir up interest from customers that it kept them coming back or calling for more information regarding show dates, studio apartment location, new styles, etc. When they began exploring the internet as a possible platform for marketing, they found out that possibilities were endless. Upon picture up their first website, they were able to direct their potential customers to it for more in-depth information. At the end of the same year, they promoted their website with Google ads by paying for web hits. This caused traffic on their site to dramatically increase